Becoming a Citizen of Antigua and Barbuda
Four doors, and the residence they ask for ranges from seven years to five days. A Commonwealth citizen who is domiciled here and has been lawfully ordinarily resident for seven years is entitled to be registered under section 114 of the Constitution. An alien naturalises under the Citizenship Act on a twelve-month unbroken period preceded by a seven-year window in which five years in aggregate were spent here. A spouse is entitled to registration once the marriage has subsisted for upwards of three years. And an investor is registered under the Citizenship by Investment Act 2013 with no residence requirement for the grant at all - but with one attached to keeping it, because section 4(1) of that Act lets the Minister deprive a citizen by investment who does not spend at least five days here in the five calendar years after registration. That five days is statutory, it sits in the Act and not in the Regulations, and it was thirty-five days until 2016.
At a glance
- Residence for registration as a Commonwealth citizen
- 7 years, plus domicile
Section 114(1)(c)(ii) of the Constitution. Section 3(3) of the Citizenship Act repeats the seven years at the Minister's discretion and adds that five of them must have been spent here.
- Residence for naturalisation
- 12 unbroken months, preceded by 5 years in aggregate within 7
Second Schedule to the Citizenship Act, paragraph 1. The stored reading of the scanned Revised Edition drops paragraph 1(b) entirely; the seven-and-five figures come from the text layer of the publisher's own PDF, read directly, and are not quoted here because they are not in the stored reading. Paragraph 1(a), the twelve months, is quoted.
- Residence for registration on marriage
- Upwards of 3 years of marriage
Section 114(1)(b) of the Constitution. No period of residence is required.
- Residence for citizenship by investment
- None before the grant
Neither the Citizenship by Investment Act 2013 nor the Citizenship by Investment Regulations 2016 as amended imposes any residence before registration.
- Residence to keep citizenship by investment
- 5 days in the 5 calendar years after registrationas of 2017-02-16
Section 4(1)(a) of the Citizenship by Investment Act 2013 as substituted by section 2 of the Citizenship by Investment (Amendment) (No. 2) Act 2016, No. 21 of 2016, which came into force on publication in the Gazette on 16 February 2017.
- The same requirement as enacted in 2013
- 35 days in 5 calendar years
Section 4(1) of the Citizenship by Investment Act 2013 as passed. It was replaced twice in 2016 and the number fell to five.
- Permanent residence as a path to citizenship
- 7 unbroken years, 90 days a yearas of 2021-09-07
Section 42A of the Immigration and Passport Act 2014, inserted by section 9 of the Immigration and Passport (Amendment) Act 2021.
- Dual citizenship
- Protected by the Constitution
Section 115. A citizen may not be deprived, refused registration or required to renounce solely for holding another citizenship.
Requirements
- By registration as a Commonwealth citizen: domicile in Antigua and Barbuda and seven years of lawful ordinary residence immediately preceding the application
- By naturalisation: residence throughout the twelve months immediately preceding the application, and five years in aggregate within the seven years before that twelve-month period
- By registration on marriage: a marriage that has subsisted for upwards of three years, and not living apart under a decree or deed of separation
- By investment: one of the four investment options, filed through a licensed Agent, with due diligence and the oath of allegiance - and no residence before the grant
- By investment, to keep it: at least five days in Antigua and Barbuda during the five calendar years after registration
- For every route except investment: good character, and not falling within the refusal grounds in section 3(7) and (8) of the Citizenship Act
How the process runs
- Step 1
Establish which route you are on
Ministry responsible for citizenship
Registration under section 114 of the Constitution is an entitlement; registration under section 3 of the Citizenship Act and under the Citizenship by Investment Act is discretionary; naturalisation under section 6 of the Citizenship Act is discretionary and requires the Second Schedule qualifications.
- Step 2
Count the residence the way the instrument counts it
Ministry responsible for citizenship
The constitutional route wants seven years immediately preceding the application plus domicile. The naturalisation route wants twelve months immediately preceding the application, preceded by a seven-year window in which five years in aggregate were spent here. The marriage route wants no residence at all.
- Step 3
For investment, go through a licensed Agent
Citizenship by Investment Unit
Regulation 4(1) of the Citizenship by Investment Regulations 2016 allows an application only through an Agent, and regulation 5(16) requires the oath or affirmation in the form in the Third Schedule to the Citizenship Act.
- Step 4
After registration by investment, spend five days here within five years
Antigua and Barbuda
Section 4(1)(a) of the Citizenship by Investment Act 2013 makes failing to do so a ground on which the Minister may deprive the person of citizenship, with a right of appeal to the High Court under section 4(3) and the High Court's decision final under section 4(4).
In detail
Is the residency requirement statutory? Yes, and it is a deprivation ground
The five-day requirement everyone reports is real and it is in primary legislation, but its place in the scheme is not what the reporting suggests. It is not a condition of being registered: nothing in the Citizenship by Investment Act 2013, in the Citizenship by Investment Regulations 2016 or in any of the six amending instruments requires an applicant to have set foot in Antigua and Barbuda before the certificate issues. It is section 4 of the Act, headed Deprivation of citizenship by investment, and it empowers the Minister responsible for citizenship to deprive a person of citizenship by Order if that person does not spend at least five days here in the five calendar years after registration. The consequence matters: deprivation is discretionary, it carries a right of appeal to the High Court whose decision is final, and section 4(2) says a person deprived is not entitled to repayment of any investment, contribution or purchase price. The obligation is real; it is enforced after the fact, by the Minister, and not at the counter.
The amendment chain of the five days
Three instruments, in order. The Antigua and Barbuda Citizenship by Investment Act, No. 2 of 2013, assented to on 28 March 2013 and published on 11 April 2013, enacted section 4(1) with thirty-five days. The Citizenship by Investment (Amendment) Act, No. 2 of 2016, repealed subsection (1) and substituted a version reading "a minimum of five (5) days" - but its own section 1 made it come into effect on a day to be appointed by the Minister and published by Notice in the Gazette, and we did not find that Notice. The Citizenship by Investment (Amendment) (No. 2) Act, No. 21 of 2016, assented to on 2 February 2017 and published on 16 February 2017, then repealed subsections (1) and (3) again, substituted a subsection (1) whose paragraph (a) is the five days and whose paragraphs (b) to (e) add false identification documents, concealment of material facts, fraudulent representation and selling or offering to sell the document evidencing citizenship, and came into force on publication. So the rule in force rests on Act 21 of 2016, which needed no commencement notice, and the earlier amendment's uncertain commencement does not matter.
Where the current Regulations actually live
The Citizenship by Investment Unit publishes a legislation page listing an Act of 2013 and a series of amendment Regulations, and the list has no 2016 Regulations on it. Every amending instrument from 2017 onwards nevertheless defines its principal Regulations as the Antigua and Barbuda Citizenship by Investment Regulations 2016, two of them adding "published as a Schedule to the Act, as amended". That is exactly where they are: section 5 of the Citizenship by Investment (Amendment) Act 2016 repealed the Schedule to the principal Act, which had contained the 2013 Regulations, and substituted a new Schedule containing the 2016 ones. The current rules therefore exist nowhere as a single document. They are a Schedule inside an amending Act, with six later Statutory Instruments applied to it by hand. The same shape as Saint Kitts and Nevis, where the law commission prints repealed investment regulations as a schedule to the Citizenship Act while the live instruments sit loose on the investment unit's site - except that here the Schedule is the live text and the problem is that nobody says so.
A fifth route that is not in the Citizenship Act
Section 42A of the Immigration and Passport Act 2014, inserted by the 2021 amendment, lets the holder of a permanent residence permit apply for citizenship by registration after seven unbroken years in which they maintained a permanent place of abode and resided here for at least ninety days each calendar year, were engaged in substantial economic activity, complied with all applicable tax obligations, and met the section 39(1) residency conditions. A permit issued under that section runs for ten years rather than the twelve months a section 42 permit runs for, and a person who completes the seven years and does not want citizenship may apply to continue the status without paying the prescribed fee. A reader looking for Antigua's citizenship routes in the Citizenship Act will not find this one.
Country-level policy
The government's laws site carries a Revised Edition whose chapters were revised to 1992, and a separate collection of Acts and Statutory Instruments as printed year by year. The Revised Edition is where search engines land, and for immigration it is wrong: it still presents the Immigration and Passport Act, Cap. 208, as the law, although section 87(1) of the Immigration and Passport Act 2014 repealed it outright. There is no consolidated edition of the 2014 Act carrying its 2015, 2021 and 2023 amendments, so the rules in force exist only as an Act plus three amending Acts applied by hand. The same shape repeats for citizenship by investment, where the current Regulations are a Schedule inside an amending Act and six Statutory Instruments have been applied to them since.
Section 42 of the Immigration and Passport Act 2014 creates a permit that is marketed as a tax arrangement and drafted as an immigration status. It asks for a permanent place of abode and thirty days a year in the country, or a substantial economic activity approved by Cabinet; it asks for an annual income of not less than US$500,000, raised from US$100,000 by the 2021 amendment; it gives the right to work without a work permit; it runs for twelve months at a time; and it requires an annual payment of prescribed fees to the Commissioner of Inland Revenue. In 2021 a second limb was added: section 42A lets a holder apply for citizenship by registration after seven unbroken years of ninety days a year, substantial economic activity and tax compliance, and makes the permit issued under that section valid for ten years.
Exceptions by origin
No exceptions recorded
Nothing we have read treats any nationality differently for this topic. The rule above applies to everyone.
What the law says
«does not spend at least 5 days in Antigua and Barbuda during the period of five
calendar years after his registration;»The residency requirement that is widely reported for Antigua's programme. It is statutory, it is in the Act rather than in the Regulations, and it operates as a ground on which the Minister may deprive a person of citizenship - not as a condition of the grant. Cite section 4(1)(a) of the 2013 Act, with Act 21 of 2016 as the instrument that put it there.
Read it at the sourceAbout this source
The government's law site, carrying two distinct collections: chapters of a Revised Edition whose base cut-off is 1992, and Acts, Bills and Statutory Instruments as printed year by year. The Revised Edition chapters are scanned page-images with a recognition layer; the annual Acts from about 2014 are born-digital.
Standing: Maintains the text in force
Cannot be cited for: The Revised Edition does not show repeal. It still publishes the Immigration and Passport Act as a chapter although the 2014 Act repealed it outright, with nothing on the page to say so, and that chapter is what a search engine surfaces first. It carries no later amendments either, and there is no consolidated text of any post-1992 Act, so a rule must always be cited as the section of the resulting Act naming the instrument that put it there. Its instrument collection is incomplete: the instrument that inserted one regulation of the investment rules is in neither collection. And its scans are lossy - a schedule paragraph disappears from extraction entirely and one Act loses its right margin - so a quotation from a chapter must be declared as a recognition and a negative claim must never rest on one alone.
We re-read it every 90 days. More about this source
«the Minister responsible for immigration and citizenship may by Order deprive of his citizenship a citizen of Antigua and Barbuda who is such by investment under this Act if the citizen does not spend at least 35 days in Antigua and Barbuda during the period of five calendar years after his registration.»The figure as passed in 2013. Section 4 of the Citizenship by Investment (Amendment) Act 2016, No. 2 of 2016, cut it to five days; section 2 of Act 21 of 2016 then replaced the whole subsection again, keeping the five days and adding four further grounds.
«In addition to the powers conferred on him by the Citizenship Act, the Minister responsible for Citizenship may by Order deprive any person of citizenship granted under this Act if that person does not spend a minimum of five (5) days in Antigua and Barbuda during the period of five calendar years after his registration.»The intermediate step in the chain. Act 2 of 2016 came into effect on a day to be appointed by the Minister by Notice in the Gazette, which we did not find; Act 21 of 2016 came into force on publication and replaced the subsection again, so the figure in force today rests on the later Act.
«This Act comes into force upon publication in the *Gazette.*»Quoted with the italic markers the capture carries. Published in the Official Gazette Vol. XXXVII No. 11 of 16 February 2017, which is the date the five-day rule became unconditionally operative.
Read it at the sourceAbout this source
The government's law site, carrying two distinct collections: chapters of a Revised Edition whose base cut-off is 1992, and Acts, Bills and Statutory Instruments as printed year by year. The Revised Edition chapters are scanned page-images with a recognition layer; the annual Acts from about 2014 are born-digital.
Standing: Maintains the text in force
Cannot be cited for: The Revised Edition does not show repeal. It still publishes the Immigration and Passport Act as a chapter although the 2014 Act repealed it outright, with nothing on the page to say so, and that chapter is what a search engine surfaces first. It carries no later amendments either, and there is no consolidated text of any post-1992 Act, so a rule must always be cited as the section of the resulting Act naming the instrument that put it there. Its instrument collection is incomplete: the instrument that inserted one regulation of the investment rules is in neither collection. And its scans are lossy - a schedule paragraph disappears from extraction entirely and one Act loses its right margin - so a quotation from a chapter must be declared as a recognition and a negative claim must never rest on one alone.
We re-read it every 90 days. More about this source
«has sold or offered for sale his document evidencing his citizenship.»One of four grounds added in 2016 alongside the five-day rule. The others are false identification documents, concealment of material facts and fraudulent representation.
Read it at the sourceAbout this source
The government's law site, carrying two distinct collections: chapters of a Revised Edition whose base cut-off is 1992, and Acts, Bills and Statutory Instruments as printed year by year. The Revised Edition chapters are scanned page-images with a recognition layer; the annual Acts from about 2014 are born-digital.
Standing: Maintains the text in force
Cannot be cited for: The Revised Edition does not show repeal. It still publishes the Immigration and Passport Act as a chapter although the 2014 Act repealed it outright, with nothing on the page to say so, and that chapter is what a search engine surfaces first. It carries no later amendments either, and there is no consolidated text of any post-1992 Act, so a rule must always be cited as the section of the resulting Act naming the instrument that put it there. Its instrument collection is incomplete: the instrument that inserted one regulation of the investment rules is in neither collection. And its scans are lossy - a schedule paragraph disappears from extraction entirely and one Act loses its right margin - so a quotation from a chapter must be declared as a recognition and a negative claim must never rest on one alone.
We re-read it every 90 days. More about this source
«(a) at the discretion of the Minister and subject to the approval of Cabinet;»Registration by investment is discretionary and needs Cabinet. Nothing in the Act makes it an entitlement, which distinguishes it from the constitutional routes in section 114.
«This Act comes into force on a date to be appointed by the Minister by Order published in the Gazette.»We did not find the commencement Order. The programme has plainly operated since 2013 and Parliament has amended the Act three times, but the instrument bringing it into force is not among the documents the Unit or the laws site publishes.
«any person who being a Commonwealth citizen is domiciled in Antigua and Barbuda and has for a period of not less than seven years immediately preceding his application been lawfully ordinarily resident in Antigua and Barbuda (whether or not that period commented before 1st November 1981);»Quoted with the Revised Edition's misprint of "commented". Section 114(1) makes this an entitlement, subject to section 116(2), which lets the Minister refuse on defence, public safety, public morality or public order grounds.
«that he has resided in Antigua
throughout the period of twelve months immediately
preceding the date of the application; and»Paragraph 1(b), which carries the seven-year window and the five years in aggregate, is missing from the stored reading: the capture of this scanned page drops it between 1(a) and 1(c). We read it in the text layer of the publisher's own PDF and it is reported in the key facts with that provenance, not quoted here.
«(a) is not of good character; or»One of five grounds on which the Minister may refuse registration under section 3(2) or (3). The others are a serious criminal conviction, activities prejudicial to safety or public order, undischarged bankruptcy, and insufficient means.
«A person who is granted a permanent residence permit under this Act may be entitled to
apply for citizenship of Antigua and Barbuda by registration if that person satisfies the Minister
that he has, for an unbroken period of seven years since the grant of the permanent residence
permit –»A fifth route, created in 2021 and sitting in the immigration Act rather than in the Citizenship Act. The conditions that follow are ninety days a year, substantial economic activity, compliance with all applicable tax obligations, and the section 39(1)(a) to (e) residency requirements.
Read it at the sourceAbout this source
The government's law site, carrying two distinct collections: chapters of a Revised Edition whose base cut-off is 1992, and Acts, Bills and Statutory Instruments as printed year by year. The Revised Edition chapters are scanned page-images with a recognition layer; the annual Acts from about 2014 are born-digital.
Standing: Maintains the text in force
Cannot be cited for: The Revised Edition does not show repeal. It still publishes the Immigration and Passport Act as a chapter although the 2014 Act repealed it outright, with nothing on the page to say so, and that chapter is what a search engine surfaces first. It carries no later amendments either, and there is no consolidated text of any post-1992 Act, so a rule must always be cited as the section of the resulting Act naming the instrument that put it there. Its instrument collection is incomplete: the instrument that inserted one regulation of the investment rules is in neither collection. And its scans are lossy - a schedule paragraph disappears from extraction entirely and one Act loses its right margin - so a quotation from a chapter must be declared as a recognition and a negative claim must never rest on one alone.
We re-read it every 90 days. More about this source
«A permanent resident permit issued under this section is valid for a period of ten (10) years
from the date of issue unless otherwise revoked.»Ten years, against the twelve months a permit under section 42 runs for. A holder who completes the seven years and does not want citizenship may apply under section 42A(2) to continue the status without paying the prescribed fee.
Read it at the sourceAbout this source
The government's law site, carrying two distinct collections: chapters of a Revised Edition whose base cut-off is 1992, and Acts, Bills and Statutory Instruments as printed year by year. The Revised Edition chapters are scanned page-images with a recognition layer; the annual Acts from about 2014 are born-digital.
Standing: Maintains the text in force
Cannot be cited for: The Revised Edition does not show repeal. It still publishes the Immigration and Passport Act as a chapter although the 2014 Act repealed it outright, with nothing on the page to say so, and that chapter is what a search engine surfaces first. It carries no later amendments either, and there is no consolidated text of any post-1992 Act, so a rule must always be cited as the section of the resulting Act naming the instrument that put it there. Its instrument collection is incomplete: the instrument that inserted one regulation of the investment rules is in neither collection. And its scans are lossy - a schedule paragraph disappears from extraction entirely and one Act loses its right margin - so a quotation from a chapter must be declared as a recognition and a negative claim must never rest on one alone.
We re-read it every 90 days. More about this source
«Without prejudice to and subject to the provisions of sections 111,112,113,114 and 115 of this Constitution, Parliament may, pursuant to the provisions of this section, make provision for the acquisition of citizenship by registration.»The constitutional power the Citizenship by Investment Act 2013 is made under. Citizenship by investment is registration, not naturalisation, and section 3(1) of the 2013 Act registers the investor "under the provisions of the Citizenship Act".
Practical notes
Every figure on this record is quoted from an Act or from a Statutory Instrument. Nothing published by a firm that sells citizenship is treated as evidence of what the law requires, and no list of barred or restricted nationalities is reproduced, because we found no Antiguan instrument containing one.
The seven-year and five-year figures for naturalisation are not quoted because the stored reading of the Citizenship Act's Second Schedule drops paragraph 1(b). We read that paragraph in the text layer of the publisher's own PDF - it reads "that during the seven years immediately preceding the said period of twelve months he has resided in Antigua and Barbuda for periods amounting in the aggregate to not less than five years" - and the key fact carries a note saying so. A quotation taken from a text we have not stored would not be verifiable and none is offered.
No commencement Order was found for the Citizenship by Investment Act 2013 and no commencement Notice for the Citizenship by Investment (Amendment) Act 2016. We looked in the Unit's legislation page and in the Statutory Instruments collection on the government's laws site. Neither absence changes the five-day rule, which rests on Act 21 of 2016 and came into force on publication.
Section 5 of the 2013 Act requires the Minister to lay a six-monthly report before the House of Representatives giving the numbers of applications made, granted and refused, the amounts invested and the aggregate in the National Development Fund. The Unit publishes reports; we did not read them and nothing here states any figure from them.
The stored reading of the Citizenship by Investment Act 2013 carries, on its second page, a block of Chinese-language accounting-table text that the Act does not contain. It is a fabrication by the extraction service on a scanned document. Every quotation taken from that reading sits more than a thousand characters away from it, and all of them read continuously.
- consolidatesAntigua and Barbuda Citizenship by Investment (Amendment) (No. 2) Act, 2016, No. 21 of 2016, published in the Official Gazette Vol. XXXVII No. 11 of 16 February 2017
Laws of Antigua and Barbuda
About this source
The government's law site, carrying two distinct collections: chapters of a Revised Edition whose base cut-off is 1992, and Acts, Bills and Statutory Instruments as printed year by year. The Revised Edition chapters are scanned page-images with a recognition layer; the annual Acts from about 2014 are born-digital.
Standing: Maintains the text in force
Cannot be cited for: The Revised Edition does not show repeal. It still publishes the Immigration and Passport Act as a chapter although the 2014 Act repealed it outright, with nothing on the page to say so, and that chapter is what a search engine surfaces first. It carries no later amendments either, and there is no consolidated text of any post-1992 Act, so a rule must always be cited as the section of the resulting Act naming the instrument that put it there. Its instrument collection is incomplete: the instrument that inserted one regulation of the investment rules is in neither collection. And its scans are lossy - a schedule paragraph disappears from extraction entirely and one Act loses its right margin - so a quotation from a chapter must be declared as a recognition and a negative claim must never rest on one alone.
We re-read it every 90 days. More about this source
- administersAntigua and Barbuda Citizenship by Investment Act, 2013, No. 2 of 2013
Citizenship by Investment Unit (Antigua and Barbuda)
About this source
The statutory unit administering the investment programme, and the only public home of several instruments amending the Regulations, including the one that sets the thresholds in force.
Standing: Applies the rule
Cannot be cited for: Its legislation page lists every amending instrument and not the principal Regulations, which are a Schedule substituted into the Act by an amending Act of 2016 - so the law in force is assembled from a Schedule inside an Act the page does not name. It also omits whatever instrument inserted one of the regulations its own amendments refer to. Everything it hosts is a page-image scan, and the stored reading of the principal Act carries fabricated text on its second page. Its brochure, FAQ and fee pages must never be cited for a legal requirement - only the instruments it hosts.
We re-read it every 30 days. More about this source
- administersAntigua and Barbuda Citizenship by Investment (Amendment) Act, 2016, No. 2 of 2016
Citizenship by Investment Unit (Antigua and Barbuda)
About this source
The statutory unit administering the investment programme, and the only public home of several instruments amending the Regulations, including the one that sets the thresholds in force.
Standing: Applies the rule
Cannot be cited for: Its legislation page lists every amending instrument and not the principal Regulations, which are a Schedule substituted into the Act by an amending Act of 2016 - so the law in force is assembled from a Schedule inside an Act the page does not name. It also omits whatever instrument inserted one of the regulations its own amendments refer to. Everything it hosts is a page-image scan, and the stored reading of the principal Act carries fabricated text on its second page. Its brochure, FAQ and fee pages must never be cited for a legal requirement - only the instruments it hosts.
We re-read it every 30 days. More about this source
- consolidatesThe Antigua and Barbuda Constitution, Cap. 23, Revised Edition of the Laws of Antigua and Barbuda
Laws of Antigua and Barbuda
About this source
The government's law site, carrying two distinct collections: chapters of a Revised Edition whose base cut-off is 1992, and Acts, Bills and Statutory Instruments as printed year by year. The Revised Edition chapters are scanned page-images with a recognition layer; the annual Acts from about 2014 are born-digital.
Standing: Maintains the text in force
Cannot be cited for: The Revised Edition does not show repeal. It still publishes the Immigration and Passport Act as a chapter although the 2014 Act repealed it outright, with nothing on the page to say so, and that chapter is what a search engine surfaces first. It carries no later amendments either, and there is no consolidated text of any post-1992 Act, so a rule must always be cited as the section of the resulting Act naming the instrument that put it there. Its instrument collection is incomplete: the instrument that inserted one regulation of the investment rules is in neither collection. And its scans are lossy - a schedule paragraph disappears from extraction entirely and one Act loses its right margin - so a quotation from a chapter must be declared as a recognition and a negative claim must never rest on one alone.
We re-read it every 90 days. More about this source
- consolidatesAntigua and Barbuda Citizenship Act, Cap. 22, Revised Edition of the Laws of Antigua and Barbuda
Laws of Antigua and Barbuda
About this source
The government's law site, carrying two distinct collections: chapters of a Revised Edition whose base cut-off is 1992, and Acts, Bills and Statutory Instruments as printed year by year. The Revised Edition chapters are scanned page-images with a recognition layer; the annual Acts from about 2014 are born-digital.
Standing: Maintains the text in force
Cannot be cited for: The Revised Edition does not show repeal. It still publishes the Immigration and Passport Act as a chapter although the 2014 Act repealed it outright, with nothing on the page to say so, and that chapter is what a search engine surfaces first. It carries no later amendments either, and there is no consolidated text of any post-1992 Act, so a rule must always be cited as the section of the resulting Act naming the instrument that put it there. Its instrument collection is incomplete: the instrument that inserted one regulation of the investment rules is in neither collection. And its scans are lossy - a schedule paragraph disappears from extraction entirely and one Act loses its right margin - so a quotation from a chapter must be declared as a recognition and a negative claim must never rest on one alone.
We re-read it every 90 days. More about this source
- consolidatesImmigration and Passport (Amendment) Act, 2021, No. 20 of 2021
Laws of Antigua and Barbuda
About this source
The government's law site, carrying two distinct collections: chapters of a Revised Edition whose base cut-off is 1992, and Acts, Bills and Statutory Instruments as printed year by year. The Revised Edition chapters are scanned page-images with a recognition layer; the annual Acts from about 2014 are born-digital.
Standing: Maintains the text in force
Cannot be cited for: The Revised Edition does not show repeal. It still publishes the Immigration and Passport Act as a chapter although the 2014 Act repealed it outright, with nothing on the page to say so, and that chapter is what a search engine surfaces first. It carries no later amendments either, and there is no consolidated text of any post-1992 Act, so a rule must always be cited as the section of the resulting Act naming the instrument that put it there. Its instrument collection is incomplete: the instrument that inserted one regulation of the investment rules is in neither collection. And its scans are lossy - a schedule paragraph disappears from extraction entirely and one Act loses its right margin - so a quotation from a chapter must be declared as a recognition and a negative claim must never rest on one alone.
We re-read it every 90 days. More about this source