NextSpring

Three Statutes in a Chain Decide This, and None of Them Is the Health Care Act: Kotikunta, Then Resident of a Wellbeing Services County, Then the County's Duty

Answer

The general rule applies to you

No exception is recorded for citizens of Cuba on this topic. That is the answer, not a gap - everything below is the rule you get, unchanged.

147 exceptions recorded across 54 countries · none match Cuba to Finland · Access to healthcare

Finnish public health care is owed by a hyvinvointialue, a wellbeing services county, to its residents, and whether you are one is not a health question at all. Section 8(1) of the Act on organising health and social services makes the county responsible for arranging care for its residents and says the right of anyone else is provided for separately. Section 3(1) of the Act on wellbeing services counties defines a resident as a person whose kotikunta - municipality of residence under the Municipality of Residence Act - is in the county's area. Section 4 of that Act then says who can have a kotikunta at all: a Finnish citizen, a holder of a continuous or permanent residence permit, a registered Union, EEA or Swiss citizen, a family member of someone who has one, or a holder of a temporary permit of at least a year who also intends to settle here permanently. For that last group section 4(2) lists what counts as evidence of settling, and the clearest item is a contract for work or study in Finland lasting at least two years. So a one-year permit is not enough on its own and a two-year job contract usually is. The Health Care Act, which says what the care consists of, does not apply in Åland at all.

Verified with official sourceMonitor - can change2026-10-10

At a glance

Who owes you care
The wellbeing services county whose area contains your kotikunta

Section 8(1) of Act 612/2021 and section 3(1) of Act 611/2021, read together.

The gate
A kotikunta under section 4 of the Municipality of Residence Act

Not a permit as such: five different statuses in section 4(1) open it, and a temporary permit does so only with an intention to settle.

Shortest permit that can give a kotikunta
One year, and only with an intention to settle permanently

Section 4(1)(5) of the Municipality of Residence Act.

What counts as settling
Finnish descent, a previous kotikunta, a work or study contract of at least two years, or a year of temporary residence already completed

Section 4(2), which introduces the list with muun muassa - among other things - so it is not exhaustive.

Moving abroad
More than a year abroad ends your kotikunta, unless your ties here remain closer

Section 5(1) of the Municipality of Residence Act.

Åland
The Health Care Act does not apply there

Section 1(2) of the Health Care Act, which excepts only the training compensation payable to health care units.

Requirements

  • A kotikunta in Finland under section 4 of the Municipality of Residence Act
  • A continuous or permanent residence permit, or registration of a Union, EEA or Swiss right of residence, or a temporary permit of at least a year plus an intention to settle
  • For the temporary-permit route, evidence of permanence such as a work or study contract of at least two years, or a year of temporary residence already completed

In detail

Three gates in three countries, and only one of them is a register entry

Denmark's record says the Health Act defines residence as being entered in the population register, so care follows a registration and not a passport. Sweden's says care follows where you live, with a one-year expectation as the gate. Finland's gate is a legal status with its own statute: kotikunta is not simply an entry in a register, it is a determination under the Municipality of Residence Act, and section 4 tells you which permits can produce it and section 4(2) tells you what evidence will persuade the authority for the hardest case. The practical consequence is a two-year rule that nobody states as one: a job in Finland on a one-year permit does not get you public health care, and a two-year contract does.

What this record does not reach

The chain from kotikunta to the county's duty is complete and quoted. What the care actually consists of, what it costs the patient, and what Kela reimburses are in the Health Care Act, the Client Charges Act and the Health Insurance Act, and none of those was read for its content. The Act on residence-based social security in cross-border situations (16/2019) was read and governs Kela's residence-based benefits rather than county health care; it draws its own line at an income level tied to the unemployment benefit basic amount, and that line is not the same as the kotikunta line.

Country-level policy

One Determination Under a 1994 Act Decides Your Health Care, Your Driving Licence Clock and Your Benefits

Finland does not ask what permit you hold when it decides what you are entitled to. It asks whether you have a kotikunta - a municipality of residence determined under the Municipality of Residence Act (201/1994) - and that question has its own statute, its own criteria and its own answer. The health duty runs through it: a wellbeing services county owes care to its residents, and a resident is someone whose kotikunta lies in its area. The driving licence clocks in sections 60 and 61 of the Driving Licences Act run from the entry in the population register that a kotikunta produces. Residence-based social security under Act 16/2019 points at section 4 of the same Act for anyone arriving from outside the EU. Section 4 opens the gate to a Finnish citizen, to a holder of a continuous or permanent permit, to a registered Union, EEA or Swiss citizen, to a family member of someone who already has one - and to a holder of a temporary permit of at least a year who also intends to settle, which is where the evidence list in section 4(2) does its work. One year abroad closes it again under section 5(1), unless the ties here remain closer.

An Autonomous Province Where the Health Care Act Does Not Apply, Foreign Driving Licences Are Not Accepted Under the National Rules, and Land Cannot Be Bought Without Five Years and Swedish

Åland is a province of Finland, inside the European Union and inside the Schengen area, and several of the statutes on these pages stop at its shore. The Health Care Act says in its own scope section that it does not apply in the province, except for a training compensation. Sections 60 and 61 of the Driving Licences Act both exclude Åland from what they say about accepting a foreign licence. And the Self-Government Act adds a status that exists nowhere else in Finland: kotiseutuoikeot, the right of domicile, granted to a Finnish citizen who has moved to the province, has had their actual dwelling and home there without interruption for at least five years, and has a satisfactory command of Swedish. Without it, the restrictions in the Åland Land Acquisition Act (3/75) on acquiring real property in the province apply to you, and provincial law may restrict your right to carry on a trade there - with a carve-out for a business run with no helper other than a spouse or one's own minor children and with no business premises.

What applies to you

Nothing changes for a citizen of Cuba

We have no rule recorded that treats your citizenship differently here, so the general rule above is the one that applies to you. That is an answer, not a gap.

What the law says

Text layer - verbatim verifiedLaki sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon järjestämisestä, consolidated text of 30 December 2025 · 8 § 1 mom · consolidated to 2025-12-30
«Hyvinvointialue vastaa sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon järjestämisestä alueellaan ja on järjestämisvastuussa asukkaidensa sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollosta. Hyvinvointialue saa järjestää ja tuottaa itse sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon palveluja toisen hyvinvointialueen alueella vain toimiessaan yhteistyössä tai yhteistoiminnassa kyseisen hyvinvointialueen kanssa siten kuin hyvinvointialueesta annetun lain 6 tai 9 §:ssä tai 8 luvussa taikka tämän lain 9 §:ssä tai 5 luvussa säädetään. Muiden kuin hyvinvointialueen asukkaiden oikeudesta saada hyvinvointialueen sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon palveluja säädetään erikseen.»

Our translation - not official

A wellbeing services county is responsible for organising health and social services in its area and has the responsibility for organising health and social services for its residents. A wellbeing services county may itself organise and produce health and social services in the area of another wellbeing services county only when acting in cooperation or in joint action with that county as provided in section 6 or 9 or chapter 8 of the Act on wellbeing services counties or in section 9 or chapter 5 of this Act. The right of persons other than the residents of the wellbeing services county to receive its health and social services is provided for separately.

The duty, and the fact that it is owed to residents rather than to everybody present.

Read it at the source
About this source

Finland's state legal information service, run by the Ministry of Justice. It publishes the Suomen säädöskokoelma - the statute series, where an Act takes effect on publication - and, separately, the ajantasainen consolidated text of each Act with later amendments worked into it. Every statute carries an ELI identifier that states the date of the consolidated version, so the cut-off is on the page rather than inferred: the Aliens Act 301/2004 was read at http://data.finlex.fi/eli/sd/2004/301/ajantasa/2026-06-26/fin. The site is bilingual by law and serves Finnish and Swedish texts of the same statute at the same address; Finnish is the language quoted here. It also carries unofficial English translations under /lainsaadanto/saadoskaannokset/.

Standing: Maintains the text in force

Cannot be cited for: The English translations are not the instrument and must never be quoted as one - they are produced by ministries, carry their own amendment cut-offs separate from the Finnish text's, and several are years behind it. The consolidated text is the right thing to quote for what the law is now, but it prints provisions that are not yet in force alongside those that are, each marked with its own commencement date: the Nationality Act consolidation of 16 June 2026 carries the 2027 citizenship-exam wording of section 13 directly beneath the wording in force. A reader who takes the first paragraph they see has a one-in-two chance of reading next year's law. The consolidation also lags the statute series, and each statute's page lists the government bills pending on it; those bills are not law and must not be cited as if they were. The original statute as enacted is a different document at a different address under /lainsaadanto/saadoskokoelma/ and does not carry amendments.

We re-read it every 60 days. More about this source

Text layer - verbatim verifiedLaki hyvinvointialueesta, consolidated text of 29 May 2026 · 3 § 1 mom 1 kohta · consolidated to 2026-05-29
«henkilö, jonka kotikuntalaissa (201/1994) tarkoitettu kotikunta sijaitsee hyvinvointialueen alueella ( hyvinvointialueen asukas);»

Our translation - not official

a person whose municipality of residence within the meaning of the Municipality of Residence Act (201/1994) is situated in the area of the wellbeing services county (resident of the wellbeing services county);

The link between the health duty and the registration statute.

Read it at the source
About this source

Finland's state legal information service, run by the Ministry of Justice. It publishes the Suomen säädöskokoelma - the statute series, where an Act takes effect on publication - and, separately, the ajantasainen consolidated text of each Act with later amendments worked into it. Every statute carries an ELI identifier that states the date of the consolidated version, so the cut-off is on the page rather than inferred: the Aliens Act 301/2004 was read at http://data.finlex.fi/eli/sd/2004/301/ajantasa/2026-06-26/fin. The site is bilingual by law and serves Finnish and Swedish texts of the same statute at the same address; Finnish is the language quoted here. It also carries unofficial English translations under /lainsaadanto/saadoskaannokset/.

Standing: Maintains the text in force

Cannot be cited for: The English translations are not the instrument and must never be quoted as one - they are produced by ministries, carry their own amendment cut-offs separate from the Finnish text's, and several are years behind it. The consolidated text is the right thing to quote for what the law is now, but it prints provisions that are not yet in force alongside those that are, each marked with its own commencement date: the Nationality Act consolidation of 16 June 2026 carries the 2027 citizenship-exam wording of section 13 directly beneath the wording in force. A reader who takes the first paragraph they see has a one-in-two chance of reading next year's law. The consolidation also lags the statute series, and each statute's page lists the government bills pending on it; those bills are not law and must not be cited as if they were. The original statute as enacted is a different document at a different address under /lainsaadanto/saadoskokoelma/ and does not carry amendments.

We re-read it every 60 days. More about this source

Text layer - verbatim verifiedKotikuntalaki, consolidated text of 21 December 2023 · 4 § 1 mom · consolidated to 2023-12-21
«Suomeen ulkomailta tulleen ja täällä asuvan henkilön kotikunta ja siellä oleva asuinpaikka määräytyy tämän lain säännösten mukaisesti, jos: 1) hän on Suomen kansalainen; 2) hänellä on ulkomaalaislaissa (301/2004) tarkoitettu voimassa oleva jatkuvaan tai pysyvään oleskeluun oikeuttava lupa; 3) hän on Euroopan unionin jäsenmaan, Islannin, Liechtensteinin, Norjan tai Sveitsin kansalainen ja hän on ulkomaalaislain säännösten mukaisesti rekisteröinyt oleskeluoikeutensa Suomessa, jos häneltä edellytetään tällainen rekisteröinti; 4) hän on sellaisen henkilön perheenjäsen, jolla on Suomessa tässä laissa tarkoitettu kotikunta; taikka 5) hänellä on ulkomaalaislaissa tarkoitettu voimassa oleva vähintään yhden vuoden tilapäiseen oleskeluun oikeuttava lupa ja hänellä on lisäksi tarkoitus olosuhteet kokonaisuudessaan huomioon ottaen jäädä Suomeen vakinaisesti asumaan.»

Our translation - not official

The municipality of residence and the place of residence in it of a person who has come to Finland from abroad and who lives here are determined under the provisions of this Act if: 1) he or she is a Finnish citizen; 2) he or she holds a valid permit entitling to continuous or permanent residence within the meaning of the Aliens Act (301/2004); 3) he or she is a citizen of a member state of the European Union, of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway or Switzerland and has registered his or her right of residence in Finland in accordance with the provisions of the Aliens Act, where such registration is required of him or her; 4) he or she is a family member of a person who has a municipality of residence in Finland within the meaning of this Act; or 5) he or she holds a valid permit entitling to temporary residence of at least one year within the meaning of the Aliens Act and, taking the circumstances as a whole into account, he or she further intends to settle permanently in Finland.

Five doors, and the fifth one is the one most new arrivals come through.

Read it at the source
About this source

Finland's state legal information service, run by the Ministry of Justice. It publishes the Suomen säädöskokoelma - the statute series, where an Act takes effect on publication - and, separately, the ajantasainen consolidated text of each Act with later amendments worked into it. Every statute carries an ELI identifier that states the date of the consolidated version, so the cut-off is on the page rather than inferred: the Aliens Act 301/2004 was read at http://data.finlex.fi/eli/sd/2004/301/ajantasa/2026-06-26/fin. The site is bilingual by law and serves Finnish and Swedish texts of the same statute at the same address; Finnish is the language quoted here. It also carries unofficial English translations under /lainsaadanto/saadoskaannokset/.

Standing: Maintains the text in force

Cannot be cited for: The English translations are not the instrument and must never be quoted as one - they are produced by ministries, carry their own amendment cut-offs separate from the Finnish text's, and several are years behind it. The consolidated text is the right thing to quote for what the law is now, but it prints provisions that are not yet in force alongside those that are, each marked with its own commencement date: the Nationality Act consolidation of 16 June 2026 carries the 2027 citizenship-exam wording of section 13 directly beneath the wording in force. A reader who takes the first paragraph they see has a one-in-two chance of reading next year's law. The consolidation also lags the statute series, and each statute's page lists the government bills pending on it; those bills are not law and must not be cited as if they were. The original statute as enacted is a different document at a different address under /lainsaadanto/saadoskokoelma/ and does not carry amendments.

We re-read it every 60 days. More about this source

Text layer - verbatim verifiedKotikuntalaki, consolidated text of 21 December 2023 · 4 § 2 mom · consolidated to 2023-12-21
«Edellä 1 momentin 5 kohdassa tarkoitettuina henkilön asumisen vakinaisuutta osoittavina seikkoina otetaan huomioon muun muassa, että: 1) hän on suomalaista syntyperää; 2) hänellä on aiemmin ollut Suomessa tässä laissa tarkoitettu kotikunta; 3) hänellä on voimassa oleva työsopimus tai muu siihen rinnastettava selvitys Suomessa tehtävää vähintään kaksi vuotta kestävää työtä tai opiskelua varten; taikka 4) hänellä on ollut tilapäinen asuinpaikka Suomessa yhtäjaksoisesti vähintään yhden vuoden ajan maahanmuuton jälkeen.»

Our translation - not official

The following circumstances, among others, are taken into account as indicating the permanence of a person's residence referred to in subsection 1, point 5: 1) he or she is of Finnish descent; 2) he or she has previously had a municipality of residence in Finland within the meaning of this Act; 3) he or she has a valid employment contract or other comparable account for work or study to be carried out in Finland lasting at least two years; or 4) he or she has had a temporary place of residence in Finland continuously for at least one year after immigration.

The list that converts a one-year permit into a kotikunta, with the two-year contract as the usual route.

Read it at the source
About this source

Finland's state legal information service, run by the Ministry of Justice. It publishes the Suomen säädöskokoelma - the statute series, where an Act takes effect on publication - and, separately, the ajantasainen consolidated text of each Act with later amendments worked into it. Every statute carries an ELI identifier that states the date of the consolidated version, so the cut-off is on the page rather than inferred: the Aliens Act 301/2004 was read at http://data.finlex.fi/eli/sd/2004/301/ajantasa/2026-06-26/fin. The site is bilingual by law and serves Finnish and Swedish texts of the same statute at the same address; Finnish is the language quoted here. It also carries unofficial English translations under /lainsaadanto/saadoskaannokset/.

Standing: Maintains the text in force

Cannot be cited for: The English translations are not the instrument and must never be quoted as one - they are produced by ministries, carry their own amendment cut-offs separate from the Finnish text's, and several are years behind it. The consolidated text is the right thing to quote for what the law is now, but it prints provisions that are not yet in force alongside those that are, each marked with its own commencement date: the Nationality Act consolidation of 16 June 2026 carries the 2027 citizenship-exam wording of section 13 directly beneath the wording in force. A reader who takes the first paragraph they see has a one-in-two chance of reading next year's law. The consolidation also lags the statute series, and each statute's page lists the government bills pending on it; those bills are not law and must not be cited as if they were. The original statute as enacted is a different document at a different address under /lainsaadanto/saadoskokoelma/ and does not carry amendments.

We re-read it every 60 days. More about this source

Text layer - verbatim verifiedKotikuntalaki, consolidated text of 21 December 2023 · 5 § 1 mom · consolidated to 2023-12-21
«Henkilöllä, joka on muuttanut asumaan ulkomaille yhtä vuotta pitemmäksi ajaksi, ei ole kotikuntaa Suomessa. Kotikunta voi kuitenkin olla Suomessa, jos henkilöllä on elinolosuhteidensa perusteella kiinteämpi yhteys Suomeen kuin ulkomaiseen asuinmaahansa.»

Our translation - not official

A person who has moved abroad to live for a period longer than one year has no municipality of residence in Finland. The municipality of residence may, however, be in Finland if the person has, on the basis of his or her living conditions, closer ties to Finland than to the foreign country of residence.

Read it at the source
About this source

Finland's state legal information service, run by the Ministry of Justice. It publishes the Suomen säädöskokoelma - the statute series, where an Act takes effect on publication - and, separately, the ajantasainen consolidated text of each Act with later amendments worked into it. Every statute carries an ELI identifier that states the date of the consolidated version, so the cut-off is on the page rather than inferred: the Aliens Act 301/2004 was read at http://data.finlex.fi/eli/sd/2004/301/ajantasa/2026-06-26/fin. The site is bilingual by law and serves Finnish and Swedish texts of the same statute at the same address; Finnish is the language quoted here. It also carries unofficial English translations under /lainsaadanto/saadoskaannokset/.

Standing: Maintains the text in force

Cannot be cited for: The English translations are not the instrument and must never be quoted as one - they are produced by ministries, carry their own amendment cut-offs separate from the Finnish text's, and several are years behind it. The consolidated text is the right thing to quote for what the law is now, but it prints provisions that are not yet in force alongside those that are, each marked with its own commencement date: the Nationality Act consolidation of 16 June 2026 carries the 2027 citizenship-exam wording of section 13 directly beneath the wording in force. A reader who takes the first paragraph they see has a one-in-two chance of reading next year's law. The consolidation also lags the statute series, and each statute's page lists the government bills pending on it; those bills are not law and must not be cited as if they were. The original statute as enacted is a different document at a different address under /lainsaadanto/saadoskokoelma/ and does not carry amendments.

We re-read it every 60 days. More about this source

Text layer - verbatim verifiedTerveydenhuoltolaki, consolidated text of 9 July 2026 · 1 § 2 mom · consolidated to 2026-07-09
«Tätä lakia ei sovelleta Ahvenanmaan maakunnassa lukuun ottamatta terveydenhuollon toimintayksikölle suoritettavaa koulutuskorvausta, josta säädetään 60, 60 a ja 63 §:ssä.»

Our translation - not official

This Act does not apply in the province of Åland, with the exception of the training compensation payable to a health care unit, which is provided for in sections 60, 60 a and 63.

Read it at the source
About this source

Finland's state legal information service, run by the Ministry of Justice. It publishes the Suomen säädöskokoelma - the statute series, where an Act takes effect on publication - and, separately, the ajantasainen consolidated text of each Act with later amendments worked into it. Every statute carries an ELI identifier that states the date of the consolidated version, so the cut-off is on the page rather than inferred: the Aliens Act 301/2004 was read at http://data.finlex.fi/eli/sd/2004/301/ajantasa/2026-06-26/fin. The site is bilingual by law and serves Finnish and Swedish texts of the same statute at the same address; Finnish is the language quoted here. It also carries unofficial English translations under /lainsaadanto/saadoskaannokset/.

Standing: Maintains the text in force

Cannot be cited for: The English translations are not the instrument and must never be quoted as one - they are produced by ministries, carry their own amendment cut-offs separate from the Finnish text's, and several are years behind it. The consolidated text is the right thing to quote for what the law is now, but it prints provisions that are not yet in force alongside those that are, each marked with its own commencement date: the Nationality Act consolidation of 16 June 2026 carries the 2027 citizenship-exam wording of section 13 directly beneath the wording in force. A reader who takes the first paragraph they see has a one-in-two chance of reading next year's law. The consolidation also lags the statute series, and each statute's page lists the government bills pending on it; those bills are not law and must not be cited as if they were. The original statute as enacted is a different document at a different address under /lainsaadanto/saadoskokoelma/ and does not carry amendments.

We re-read it every 60 days. More about this source

Practical notes

The Health Care Act (1326/2010) was stored and read for its scope section only. Nothing is stated here about waiting times, the content of primary care, or specialised care.

Patient charges under the Client Charges Act (734/1992) were not read and no amount is stated.

The Health Insurance Act (1224/2004) and the Act on cross-border health care (1201/2013) were not read. What an EHIC or a European insurance entitlement gets a visitor is not covered.

Åland arranges its own health care and nothing of Åland's own legislation was read.

Sources3 · all accessed 2026-10-10
  • consolidates
    Kotikuntalaki, consolidated text of 21 December 2023

    Finlex, oikeusministeriö · consolidated to 2023-12-21

    About this source

    Finland's state legal information service, run by the Ministry of Justice. It publishes the Suomen säädöskokoelma - the statute series, where an Act takes effect on publication - and, separately, the ajantasainen consolidated text of each Act with later amendments worked into it. Every statute carries an ELI identifier that states the date of the consolidated version, so the cut-off is on the page rather than inferred: the Aliens Act 301/2004 was read at http://data.finlex.fi/eli/sd/2004/301/ajantasa/2026-06-26/fin. The site is bilingual by law and serves Finnish and Swedish texts of the same statute at the same address; Finnish is the language quoted here. It also carries unofficial English translations under /lainsaadanto/saadoskaannokset/.

    Standing: Maintains the text in force

    Cannot be cited for: The English translations are not the instrument and must never be quoted as one - they are produced by ministries, carry their own amendment cut-offs separate from the Finnish text's, and several are years behind it. The consolidated text is the right thing to quote for what the law is now, but it prints provisions that are not yet in force alongside those that are, each marked with its own commencement date: the Nationality Act consolidation of 16 June 2026 carries the 2027 citizenship-exam wording of section 13 directly beneath the wording in force. A reader who takes the first paragraph they see has a one-in-two chance of reading next year's law. The consolidation also lags the statute series, and each statute's page lists the government bills pending on it; those bills are not law and must not be cited as if they were. The original statute as enacted is a different document at a different address under /lainsaadanto/saadoskokoelma/ and does not carry amendments.

    We re-read it every 60 days. More about this source

  • consolidates
    Laki sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon järjestämisestä, consolidated text of 30 December 2025

    Finlex, oikeusministeriö · consolidated to 2025-12-30

    About this source

    Finland's state legal information service, run by the Ministry of Justice. It publishes the Suomen säädöskokoelma - the statute series, where an Act takes effect on publication - and, separately, the ajantasainen consolidated text of each Act with later amendments worked into it. Every statute carries an ELI identifier that states the date of the consolidated version, so the cut-off is on the page rather than inferred: the Aliens Act 301/2004 was read at http://data.finlex.fi/eli/sd/2004/301/ajantasa/2026-06-26/fin. The site is bilingual by law and serves Finnish and Swedish texts of the same statute at the same address; Finnish is the language quoted here. It also carries unofficial English translations under /lainsaadanto/saadoskaannokset/.

    Standing: Maintains the text in force

    Cannot be cited for: The English translations are not the instrument and must never be quoted as one - they are produced by ministries, carry their own amendment cut-offs separate from the Finnish text's, and several are years behind it. The consolidated text is the right thing to quote for what the law is now, but it prints provisions that are not yet in force alongside those that are, each marked with its own commencement date: the Nationality Act consolidation of 16 June 2026 carries the 2027 citizenship-exam wording of section 13 directly beneath the wording in force. A reader who takes the first paragraph they see has a one-in-two chance of reading next year's law. The consolidation also lags the statute series, and each statute's page lists the government bills pending on it; those bills are not law and must not be cited as if they were. The original statute as enacted is a different document at a different address under /lainsaadanto/saadoskokoelma/ and does not carry amendments.

    We re-read it every 60 days. More about this source

  • consolidates
    Laki hyvinvointialueesta, consolidated text of 29 May 2026

    Finlex, oikeusministeriö · consolidated to 2026-05-29

    About this source

    Finland's state legal information service, run by the Ministry of Justice. It publishes the Suomen säädöskokoelma - the statute series, where an Act takes effect on publication - and, separately, the ajantasainen consolidated text of each Act with later amendments worked into it. Every statute carries an ELI identifier that states the date of the consolidated version, so the cut-off is on the page rather than inferred: the Aliens Act 301/2004 was read at http://data.finlex.fi/eli/sd/2004/301/ajantasa/2026-06-26/fin. The site is bilingual by law and serves Finnish and Swedish texts of the same statute at the same address; Finnish is the language quoted here. It also carries unofficial English translations under /lainsaadanto/saadoskaannokset/.

    Standing: Maintains the text in force

    Cannot be cited for: The English translations are not the instrument and must never be quoted as one - they are produced by ministries, carry their own amendment cut-offs separate from the Finnish text's, and several are years behind it. The consolidated text is the right thing to quote for what the law is now, but it prints provisions that are not yet in force alongside those that are, each marked with its own commencement date: the Nationality Act consolidation of 16 June 2026 carries the 2027 citizenship-exam wording of section 13 directly beneath the wording in force. A reader who takes the first paragraph they see has a one-in-two chance of reading next year's law. The consolidation also lags the statute series, and each statute's page lists the government bills pending on it; those bills are not law and must not be cited as if they were. The original statute as enacted is a different document at a different address under /lainsaadanto/saadoskokoelma/ and does not carry amendments.

    We re-read it every 60 days. More about this source