Country-wide policy
Every Permit Is a Cantonal Decision, and Twenty-Six Authorities Apply the Same Federal Words
No country in this corpus distributes migration decisions the way Switzerland does, and nothing else about the Swiss system makes sense without it. The Confederation writes the Act and the ordinances; the cantons grant the permits. Article 40(1) of the Foreign Nationals Act says the permits under articles 32 to 35 and 37 to 39 are granted by the cantons, reserving federal competence for the quota, for derogations from the admission conditions and for the approval procedure. Where there is no right to work, the labour-market pre-decision is a cantonal act too. The federal migration secretariat sits behind it rather than in front: the Federal Council decides which cases must be submitted to it for approval, and it may refuse approval of a cantonal decision, time-limit it, or attach conditions. The same split runs through naturalisation, where the Confederation authorises and the canton decides, through health insurance, where the cantons enforce the duty and may reduce premiums, and through the quota itself, which is divided among the twenty-six cantons before anyone applies.
Topics it changes
- Residency through work
- Residency on passive income
- Residency as a retiree
- Residency through investment
- Residency as a student
- Residency through marriage
- Residency through ancestry
- Becoming a citizen
- Access to healthcare
- Driving and licence exchange
What it requires
- Apply to the cantonal authority of the place you intend to live, or to work
- Expect a labour-market pre-decision from that canton where there is no right to work
- Expect federal approval to be required in the cases the Federal Council names
- Register again with the new authority on moving to another commune or canton
At a glance
- Who grants a permit
- The canton
AIG article 40(1), for the permits under articles 32 to 35 and 37 to 39. Federal competence is reserved for the quota, for derogations under article 30 and for the approval procedure under article 99.
- What the Confederation can do to a cantonal decision
- Refuse approval, time-limit it, or attach conditions and obligations
AIG article 99(2). Article 99(1) leaves it to the Federal Council to decide which cases must be submitted.
- Who designates the authority
- Each canton, for the tasks assigned to it
AIG article 98(3). There is no single national migration office a reader can be pointed at.
- Moving canton
- Requires registration with the authority of the new place of residence
AIG article 12(2), with deregistration at the old one under article 15. Article 37 governs a change of place of residence to another canton.
- Naturalisation
- Authorised federally, decided cantonally, with a cantonal residence requirement of between two and five years
BüG articles 13, 14 and 18(1). Article 12(3) also lets the cantons add integration criteria of their own.
- Fees
- Cantonal, within federal maximums
GebV-AIG article 8 sets cantonal maximum fees - 95 francs for the grant of a short-stay, residence or cross-border commuter permit - and article 9 lets the cantons set fees for anything article 8 does not cover.
What the law says
«Die Bewilligungen nach den Artikeln 32–35 und 37–39 werden von den Kantonen erteilt.»Our translation - not official
The permits under articles 32 to 35 and 37 to 39 are granted by the cantons.
The structural sentence. Everything from the short-stay permit to the settlement permit is issued by a canton, and the Confederation's role is reserved to the quota, to derogations and to approval.
Read it at the sourceAbout this source
Switzerland's single publication platform for federal law, carrying the Amtliche Sammlung (AS), the Systematische Sammlung (SR) and the Bundesblatt. It is the platform article 1a of the Publikationsgesetz (SR 170.512) requires, and article 15 of that Act makes the version published on it massgebend - so unlike most consolidations in this corpus, Fedlex's text is authoritative rather than a convenience copy. Article 14(1) of the same Act requires simultaneous publication in German, French and Italian and makes all three versions of an enactment binding in the same way. The reader-facing address `https://www.fedlex.admin.ch/eli/cc/<a>/<b>/<lang>` is an Angular shell containing no text: every such address returns the same 77,151-byte page. The text lives in the filestore, at `https://fedlex.data.admin.ch/filestore/fedlex.data.admin.ch/eli/cc/<a>/<b>/<YYYYMMDD>/<lang>/html/...html`, where YYYYMMDD is the consolidation's date of applicability and cannot be guessed. The way to resolve an SR number to that address is the SPARQL endpoint at https://fedlex.data.admin.ch/sparqlendpoint, matching jolux:classifiedByTaxonomyEntry/skos:notation against the SR number and taking the jolux:Consolidation whose jolux:dateApplicability is the latest one not after today.
Standing: Maintains the text in force
Cannot be cited for: It must not be cited for cantonal or communal law, which is the half of Swiss migration practice a resident actually meets: permits are granted by the cantons under article 40 of the AIG, the naturalisation residence requirement is set by each canton between two and five years under article 18 of the BüG, cantonal and communal income tax is outside the DBG entirely, and health insurance premium reductions are cantonal. Twenty-six cantons publish separately and none of them is here. It carries no case law - the Federal Supreme Court publishes at bger.ch - and no administrative guidance, which matters concretely: the list of states whose driving licences exchange without a control drive is a Federal Roads Office document issued under article 150(5)(e) of the VZV and is not in the classified compilation. Two traps in the platform itself. Fedlex serves consolidations that are not yet in force - SR 142.20 carried texts dated 2026-11-01 and 2027-01-01 alongside the one in force on 2026-10-11 - so taking the newest row returns a text that is not the law. And English translations published under article 13a(1)(d) of the Publikationsgesetz are translations of official publications and are not among the three binding versions, so nothing may be quoted from them as law.
We re-read it every 60 days. More about this source
«Das SEM kann die Zustimmung zum Entscheid einer kantonalen Verwaltungsbehörde oder einer kantonalen Beschwerdeinstanz verweigern oder diesen Entscheid befristen oder an Bedingungen und Auflagen knüpfen.»Our translation - not official
The State Secretariat for Migration may refuse approval of a decision of a cantonal administrative authority or a cantonal appeal body, or may time-limit that decision or attach conditions and obligations to it.
A cantonal decision in a case subject to approval is not final. The federal secretariat can refuse it even where the canton has decided to grant, and it can also override a cantonal appeal body.
Read it at the sourceAbout this source
Switzerland's single publication platform for federal law, carrying the Amtliche Sammlung (AS), the Systematische Sammlung (SR) and the Bundesblatt. It is the platform article 1a of the Publikationsgesetz (SR 170.512) requires, and article 15 of that Act makes the version published on it massgebend - so unlike most consolidations in this corpus, Fedlex's text is authoritative rather than a convenience copy. Article 14(1) of the same Act requires simultaneous publication in German, French and Italian and makes all three versions of an enactment binding in the same way. The reader-facing address `https://www.fedlex.admin.ch/eli/cc/<a>/<b>/<lang>` is an Angular shell containing no text: every such address returns the same 77,151-byte page. The text lives in the filestore, at `https://fedlex.data.admin.ch/filestore/fedlex.data.admin.ch/eli/cc/<a>/<b>/<YYYYMMDD>/<lang>/html/...html`, where YYYYMMDD is the consolidation's date of applicability and cannot be guessed. The way to resolve an SR number to that address is the SPARQL endpoint at https://fedlex.data.admin.ch/sparqlendpoint, matching jolux:classifiedByTaxonomyEntry/skos:notation against the SR number and taking the jolux:Consolidation whose jolux:dateApplicability is the latest one not after today.
Standing: Maintains the text in force
Cannot be cited for: It must not be cited for cantonal or communal law, which is the half of Swiss migration practice a resident actually meets: permits are granted by the cantons under article 40 of the AIG, the naturalisation residence requirement is set by each canton between two and five years under article 18 of the BüG, cantonal and communal income tax is outside the DBG entirely, and health insurance premium reductions are cantonal. Twenty-six cantons publish separately and none of them is here. It carries no case law - the Federal Supreme Court publishes at bger.ch - and no administrative guidance, which matters concretely: the list of states whose driving licences exchange without a control drive is a Federal Roads Office document issued under article 150(5)(e) of the VZV and is not in the classified compilation. Two traps in the platform itself. Fedlex serves consolidations that are not yet in force - SR 142.20 carried texts dated 2026-11-01 and 2027-01-01 alongside the one in force on 2026-10-11 - so taking the newest row returns a text that is not the law. And English translations published under article 13a(1)(d) of the Publikationsgesetz are translations of official publications and are not among the three binding versions, so nothing may be quoted from them as law.
We re-read it every 60 days. More about this source
«Die Kantone bezeichnen die Behörden, welche für die ihnen übertragenen Aufgaben zuständig sind.»Our translation - not official
The cantons designate the authorities competent for the tasks assigned to them.
Why there is no single address. Each canton names its own office, and their names, forms and processing times are not matters the federal instruments reach.
Read it at the sourceAbout this source
Switzerland's single publication platform for federal law, carrying the Amtliche Sammlung (AS), the Systematische Sammlung (SR) and the Bundesblatt. It is the platform article 1a of the Publikationsgesetz (SR 170.512) requires, and article 15 of that Act makes the version published on it massgebend - so unlike most consolidations in this corpus, Fedlex's text is authoritative rather than a convenience copy. Article 14(1) of the same Act requires simultaneous publication in German, French and Italian and makes all three versions of an enactment binding in the same way. The reader-facing address `https://www.fedlex.admin.ch/eli/cc/<a>/<b>/<lang>` is an Angular shell containing no text: every such address returns the same 77,151-byte page. The text lives in the filestore, at `https://fedlex.data.admin.ch/filestore/fedlex.data.admin.ch/eli/cc/<a>/<b>/<YYYYMMDD>/<lang>/html/...html`, where YYYYMMDD is the consolidation's date of applicability and cannot be guessed. The way to resolve an SR number to that address is the SPARQL endpoint at https://fedlex.data.admin.ch/sparqlendpoint, matching jolux:classifiedByTaxonomyEntry/skos:notation against the SR number and taking the jolux:Consolidation whose jolux:dateApplicability is the latest one not after today.
Standing: Maintains the text in force
Cannot be cited for: It must not be cited for cantonal or communal law, which is the half of Swiss migration practice a resident actually meets: permits are granted by the cantons under article 40 of the AIG, the naturalisation residence requirement is set by each canton between two and five years under article 18 of the BüG, cantonal and communal income tax is outside the DBG entirely, and health insurance premium reductions are cantonal. Twenty-six cantons publish separately and none of them is here. It carries no case law - the Federal Supreme Court publishes at bger.ch - and no administrative guidance, which matters concretely: the list of states whose driving licences exchange without a control drive is a Federal Roads Office document issued under article 150(5)(e) of the VZV and is not in the classified compilation. Two traps in the platform itself. Fedlex serves consolidations that are not yet in force - SR 142.20 carried texts dated 2026-11-01 and 2027-01-01 alongside the one in force on 2026-10-11 - so taking the newest row returns a text that is not the law. And English translations published under article 13a(1)(d) of the Publikationsgesetz are translations of official publications and are not among the three binding versions, so nothing may be quoted from them as law.
We re-read it every 60 days. More about this source
«Ausländerinnen und Ausländer müssen sich bei der am neuen Wohnort zuständigen Behörde anmelden, wenn sie in eine andere Gemeinde oder in einen anderen Kanton ziehen.»Our translation - not official
Foreign nationals must register with the authority competent for the new place of residence where they move to another commune or another canton.
Moving within Switzerland is an administrative event for a permit holder. Article 15 requires deregistration at the old place as well.
Read it at the sourceAbout this source
Switzerland's single publication platform for federal law, carrying the Amtliche Sammlung (AS), the Systematische Sammlung (SR) and the Bundesblatt. It is the platform article 1a of the Publikationsgesetz (SR 170.512) requires, and article 15 of that Act makes the version published on it massgebend - so unlike most consolidations in this corpus, Fedlex's text is authoritative rather than a convenience copy. Article 14(1) of the same Act requires simultaneous publication in German, French and Italian and makes all three versions of an enactment binding in the same way. The reader-facing address `https://www.fedlex.admin.ch/eli/cc/<a>/<b>/<lang>` is an Angular shell containing no text: every such address returns the same 77,151-byte page. The text lives in the filestore, at `https://fedlex.data.admin.ch/filestore/fedlex.data.admin.ch/eli/cc/<a>/<b>/<YYYYMMDD>/<lang>/html/...html`, where YYYYMMDD is the consolidation's date of applicability and cannot be guessed. The way to resolve an SR number to that address is the SPARQL endpoint at https://fedlex.data.admin.ch/sparqlendpoint, matching jolux:classifiedByTaxonomyEntry/skos:notation against the SR number and taking the jolux:Consolidation whose jolux:dateApplicability is the latest one not after today.
Standing: Maintains the text in force
Cannot be cited for: It must not be cited for cantonal or communal law, which is the half of Swiss migration practice a resident actually meets: permits are granted by the cantons under article 40 of the AIG, the naturalisation residence requirement is set by each canton between two and five years under article 18 of the BüG, cantonal and communal income tax is outside the DBG entirely, and health insurance premium reductions are cantonal. Twenty-six cantons publish separately and none of them is here. It carries no case law - the Federal Supreme Court publishes at bger.ch - and no administrative guidance, which matters concretely: the list of states whose driving licences exchange without a control drive is a Federal Roads Office document issued under article 150(5)(e) of the VZV and is not in the classified compilation. Two traps in the platform itself. Fedlex serves consolidations that are not yet in force - SR 142.20 carried texts dated 2026-11-01 and 2027-01-01 alongside the one in force on 2026-10-11 - so taking the newest row returns a text that is not the law. And English translations published under article 13a(1)(d) of the Publikationsgesetz are translations of official publications and are not among the three binding versions, so nothing may be quoted from them as law.
We re-read it every 60 days. More about this source
«Die kantonalen Höchstgebühren im Zusammenhang mit ausländerrechtlichen Bewilligungen betragen:»Our translation - not official
The cantonal maximum fees in connection with permits under the law on foreign nationals are:
The table that follows caps the grant or renewal of a short-stay, residence or cross-border commuter permit at 95 francs and the grant of a settlement permit at 95 francs. These are ceilings: what a canton actually charges is cantonal law under article 7.
Read it at the sourceAbout this source
Switzerland's single publication platform for federal law, carrying the Amtliche Sammlung (AS), the Systematische Sammlung (SR) and the Bundesblatt. It is the platform article 1a of the Publikationsgesetz (SR 170.512) requires, and article 15 of that Act makes the version published on it massgebend - so unlike most consolidations in this corpus, Fedlex's text is authoritative rather than a convenience copy. Article 14(1) of the same Act requires simultaneous publication in German, French and Italian and makes all three versions of an enactment binding in the same way. The reader-facing address `https://www.fedlex.admin.ch/eli/cc/<a>/<b>/<lang>` is an Angular shell containing no text: every such address returns the same 77,151-byte page. The text lives in the filestore, at `https://fedlex.data.admin.ch/filestore/fedlex.data.admin.ch/eli/cc/<a>/<b>/<YYYYMMDD>/<lang>/html/...html`, where YYYYMMDD is the consolidation's date of applicability and cannot be guessed. The way to resolve an SR number to that address is the SPARQL endpoint at https://fedlex.data.admin.ch/sparqlendpoint, matching jolux:classifiedByTaxonomyEntry/skos:notation against the SR number and taking the jolux:Consolidation whose jolux:dateApplicability is the latest one not after today.
Standing: Maintains the text in force
Cannot be cited for: It must not be cited for cantonal or communal law, which is the half of Swiss migration practice a resident actually meets: permits are granted by the cantons under article 40 of the AIG, the naturalisation residence requirement is set by each canton between two and five years under article 18 of the BüG, cantonal and communal income tax is outside the DBG entirely, and health insurance premium reductions are cantonal. Twenty-six cantons publish separately and none of them is here. It carries no case law - the Federal Supreme Court publishes at bger.ch - and no administrative guidance, which matters concretely: the list of states whose driving licences exchange without a control drive is a Federal Roads Office document issued under article 150(5)(e) of the VZV and is not in the classified compilation. Two traps in the platform itself. Fedlex serves consolidations that are not yet in force - SR 142.20 carried texts dated 2026-11-01 and 2027-01-01 alongside the one in force on 2026-10-11 - so taking the newest row returns a text that is not the law. And English translations published under article 13a(1)(d) of the Publikationsgesetz are translations of official publications and are not among the three binding versions, so nothing may be quoted from them as law.
We re-read it every 60 days. More about this source
«Für das Bewilligungsverfahren nach Absatz 1 Buchstabe a, b oder e sowie für die Ausstellung und Herstellung des Ausländerausweises nach Absatz 2 Buchstabe b und für die Abnahme und Erfassung der Daten nach Absatz 3 Buchstabe b beträgt die Höchstgebühr gesamthaft 65 Franken.»Our translation - not official
For the permit procedure under paragraph 1 letter a, b or e, for the issue and production of the identity card for foreign nationals under paragraph 2 letter b and for taking and recording the data under paragraph 3 letter b, the maximum fee is 65 francs in total.
This is how Annex I article 2(3) of the free movement agreement is implemented in Swiss law: a separate, lower ceiling for nationals of a party to that agreement and of an EFTA state, against the 95 francs others may be charged.
Read it at the sourceAbout this source
Switzerland's single publication platform for federal law, carrying the Amtliche Sammlung (AS), the Systematische Sammlung (SR) and the Bundesblatt. It is the platform article 1a of the Publikationsgesetz (SR 170.512) requires, and article 15 of that Act makes the version published on it massgebend - so unlike most consolidations in this corpus, Fedlex's text is authoritative rather than a convenience copy. Article 14(1) of the same Act requires simultaneous publication in German, French and Italian and makes all three versions of an enactment binding in the same way. The reader-facing address `https://www.fedlex.admin.ch/eli/cc/<a>/<b>/<lang>` is an Angular shell containing no text: every such address returns the same 77,151-byte page. The text lives in the filestore, at `https://fedlex.data.admin.ch/filestore/fedlex.data.admin.ch/eli/cc/<a>/<b>/<YYYYMMDD>/<lang>/html/...html`, where YYYYMMDD is the consolidation's date of applicability and cannot be guessed. The way to resolve an SR number to that address is the SPARQL endpoint at https://fedlex.data.admin.ch/sparqlendpoint, matching jolux:classifiedByTaxonomyEntry/skos:notation against the SR number and taking the jolux:Consolidation whose jolux:dateApplicability is the latest one not after today.
Standing: Maintains the text in force
Cannot be cited for: It must not be cited for cantonal or communal law, which is the half of Swiss migration practice a resident actually meets: permits are granted by the cantons under article 40 of the AIG, the naturalisation residence requirement is set by each canton between two and five years under article 18 of the BüG, cantonal and communal income tax is outside the DBG entirely, and health insurance premium reductions are cantonal. Twenty-six cantons publish separately and none of them is here. It carries no case law - the Federal Supreme Court publishes at bger.ch - and no administrative guidance, which matters concretely: the list of states whose driving licences exchange without a control drive is a Federal Roads Office document issued under article 150(5)(e) of the VZV and is not in the classified compilation. Two traps in the platform itself. Fedlex serves consolidations that are not yet in force - SR 142.20 carried texts dated 2026-11-01 and 2027-01-01 alongside the one in force on 2026-10-11 - so taking the newest row returns a text that is not the law. And English translations published under article 13a(1)(d) of the Publikationsgesetz are translations of official publications and are not among the three binding versions, so nothing may be quoted from them as law.
We re-read it every 60 days. More about this source
Practical notes
Nothing in this corpus's Swiss records describes a national practice, because there is not one. The federal instruments set the conditions and the ceilings; how an application is handled is a matter for one of twenty-six administrations, and no cantonal law has been read for these records.
The quota is divided before any application is made. Annex 1 to the VZAE gives each canton its own number of short-stay units for the year, which means the same case can be possible in one canton and not in its neighbour.
A federal approval requirement means a cantonal yes is provisional. Where the case is one the Federal Council has designated, the State Secretariat for Migration can refuse, limit or condition the cantonal decision afterwards.
This matters for naturalisation more than anywhere else: the cantonal residence requirement is set by each canton somewhere between two and five years, the cantons may add integration criteria, and cantonal law may put the application to a vote of a communal assembly.