Where a treaty gives you residence if your passport is from Spain

Moving to Antigua and Barbuda Under the OECS or CARICOM

OECS Protocol: right conferred:

Enter and remain without any restriction or limitation as to time

OECS Protocol Member States in Schedule 1 Part C:

7, including Antigua and Barbuda

OECS member states in Schedule 1 Part B:

6, and Montserrat is not among them

Mercosur Citizenship-Based Residency

Duration:

Up to 2 years, renewable

Entries and exits:

Multiple, unrestricted

Income test:

None

One Movement Regime Reaches Austria, and the Act Gives It a Chapter That Registers Rather Than Permits

What it is:

A right of residence, not a permit

Grounds:

Work, self-employment, sufficient means with insurance, or study with means and insurance

Registration:

Within four months of entry, where the stay exceeds three months

CARICOM Movement into Barbados: the Skills Certificate, and the Protocol That Has No Statute

Period granted on entry with a qualifying certificate:

6 months

Work permit during those six months:

Not required

Who issues the certificate you present at the border:

A competent authority or a competent Minister of any Member State - including your own

One Movement Regime Reaches Belgium, and the Act Gives It a Chapter of Its Own

A regional movement treaty that reaches the Americas:

None in the Act of 15 December 1980, whose only movement chapter is the Union one

Who the Union chapter covers:

Nationals of a member state of the European Union, and their family members

Short stay for a Union citizen:

Three months, with no condition or formality beyond the document in article 41

CARICOM Free Movement into Belize

Provisional entry on arrival:

a period of six months

Decision on an application for indefinite stay:

within thirty working days of submission

Qualifying states in Schedule II:

Thirteen, before the 2026 deletions

Residency Under a Regional Treaty

Blocs Bolivia belongs to:

Andean Community and Mercosur, both as a full member

Temporary stage, either route:

2 years

Permanent stage:

Indefinite, applied for in the 90 days before the temporary permit expires

Residency Under the Mercosur Residence Agreement

Temporary residence:

Up to two years

Income test at the temporary stage:

None

Conversion to permanent residence:

Applied for in the 90 days before expiry

No Free Movement, and a Regulation That Points Somewhere Else

Free movement:

None: no agreement we have read gives a right of residence in Canada

What section 204 gives:

A work permit without a labour market assessment, where an agreement covers the work

Which agreements section 204 names:

None - it describes them by kind

Mercosur Reciprocity Residency in Chile

Open to:

Nationals of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay

Associated states:

Not named by the Chilean migration service for this subcategory

Statutory hook:

Ley 21.325 art. 70 N° 13, reciprocity and treaties

Mercosur Residency in Colombia

No Central American Free Movement, and the Numbers Prove It

Regional residency route:

None

Is Costa Rica in the CA-4 free movement area?:

No

Entry group for Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and Belize:

Second group - no visa, 30 days, extendable to 90

No Treaty Route to Residence

Treaty-based residence category:

None

Effect of a visa-waiver agreement:

The visa requirement only

List of visa-waiver countries:

Not published in any instrument read

Moving to Dominica Under the OECS, CARICOM or Full Free Movement

CARICOM skills certificate in Schedule II form:

Entry for an indefinite period

CARICOM skills certificate in the home state's equivalent form:

6 months

Qualifying CARICOM states in Schedule I:

13, including Dominica itself

No Free Movement: the Caribbean Country Outside the Caribbean Scheme

CARICOM membership:

Not a member

Treaty-based residence route:

None found

Nationality-based residence category:

None

Treaty Routes: Ecuador Runs Three of Them

Routes the ministry runs:

Mercosur Residence Agreement, Andean Migration Statute, and the Ecuador-Venezuela migration statute

Statutory basis:

Residente por convenio, a category of temporary residence in its own right

Means of support:

Governed by the treaty, not by the ministry's general rules

Central Americans: Free Movement on an Identity Card, and a Shorter Road to Everything Else

Countries in the group:

El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua

Document needed to cross:

Identity card, not a passport

Air travel inside the group:

Also on an identity card, since 1 November 1997

One Regime Reaches Germany From Outside, and It Does Not Reach This Corpus

A regional movement treaty that reaches Latin America:

None

The Union regime:

Reaches member states, the European Economic Area and Switzerland

What is decided at Union level:

The visa, the customs relief on a move, and the right to a basic account

Moving to Grenada Under CARICOM or the OECS

OECS Protocol: period granted:

Indefinite

OECS Protocol: work permit:

Not required

OECS Protocol: economic citizens excluded:

Yes, unless the Minister approves the programme

The Central American Route Into Guatemala

Temporary residence needed first:

1 year

Everyone else:

5 years

The test is:

Place of birth, not nationality

CARICOM Rights in Guyana: Two Acts, Both Commenced, Both Wired Into the Immigration Act

Where the line falls:

By who issued the certificate, with a statutory route across

Guyana's own certificate:

Indefinite duration of entry

Another member state's certificate:

Six months

CARICOM and Haiti: Three Member States Name It in Their Schedules, Four Do Not, and Haiti Names Nobody

Member states whose skills certificate schedule names Haiti:

Barbados, Belize, Trinidad and Tobago

Member states whose schedule does not name Haiti:

Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia

What Haitian law gives a Community national:

Nothing we found

CA-4 Moves You Around the Region; It Does Not Let You Settle

Member states:

Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua

Founding instrument:

Convenio de Creación de la Visa Única Centroamericana, signed 30 June 2005, in force 31 August 2005

Who the manual regulates:

People who are not nationals of the four states

One Regime Reaches Italy From Outside, and It Does Not Reach This Corpus

A regional movement treaty that reaches Latin America:

None

The Union regime:

Reaches member states, the European Economic Area and Switzerland

What Italy offers instead:

Descent, now limited by article 3-bis of Legge 91/1992

Moving to Jamaica from the Caribbean Community

Entry under section 3:

Indefinite period

Entry under section 4:

Not exceeding six months

What distinguishes them in the Act:

Nothing - the conditions are identical

Regional and Treaty Routes to Residence

A bloc-wide residence agreement:

None

Mobility instruments:

Recognised, and they lead to a temporary residence or student visa only

Quota:

Each instrument carries its own, and the consulate must check it is not exhausted

The Statute Defines a Class of People It Then Stops Governing

Who is outside the ordinary regime:

Nationals of EU and EEA states, Swiss nationals, and the third-country family members of the first and third groups

Where the right comes from:

The Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, the EEA Agreement, and the 1999 agreement with Switzerland

What the Dutch Act does with it:

Records it as lawful residence and attaches no condition of its own

CA-4 and Central American Residence in Nicaragua

What the Single Central American Visa governs:

Third-country nationals, not the four countries' own nationals

What it confers:

Movement. Expressly not residence

Direct permanent residence for Central Americans:

Available, subject to reciprocity

Panama Has No Bloc Residence Route

Bloc residence route:

None

Nationality-based routes that do exist:

2

Mercosur Residence Agreement:

Not applied by Panama

Mercosur Residency in Paraguay

Countries covered:

Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Bolivia, Chile, Peru, Colombia and Ecuador

Term of the Mercosur temporary residency:

Two years, not renewable

Window to convert to permanent:

The 90 days before the temporary card expires

Residency Under International Agreements

Temporary stage:

2 years, not extendable

Application window for the indefinite stage:

The 90 days before the temporary residence expires

Income test at the temporary stage:

None

One Movement Regime Reaches Poland, and It Has an Act of Its Own

Who this Act covers:

EU, EEA EFTA and Swiss nationals, and UK nationals within the Withdrawal Agreement, with their family members

Stay with no conditions:

Up to 3 months

Jobseeker:

A further 6 months, and longer while actively looking with a genuine chance of work

Two Regimes Reach Portugal From Outside, and Only One of Them Reaches This Corpus

A regional movement treaty that reaches Latin America:

Only the CPLP Agreement, and only for Brazil

The Union regime:

Reaches member states, the European Economic Area and Switzerland

What the CPLP permit requires:

A residence visa, and an application made inside Portugal

Moving to Saint Kitts and Nevis Under CARICOM or the OECS

OECS Protocol: right conferred:

Permit to enter and remain for indefinite duration

OECS Protocol Member States:

7, including Saint Kitts and Nevis

OECS Protocol: work permit:

Not required

Eastern Caribbean and Caribbean Community rights in Saint Lucia

Economic Union Treaty and Protocol in force:

18 August 2014

Work permit exemption for Protocol citizens:

Same day

Skills certificate in the Saint Lucian form:

Indefinite entry

Moving to Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Under CARICOM, the OECS or Full Free Movement

Full free movement: in force since:

1 October 2025

Full free movement: what Parliament passed:

Two Acts and two orders, all on 29 September 2025

Full free movement: entry status granted:

Indefinite stay, stamped in the passport

CARICOM Rights in Suriname: the Line Is Drawn at the Labour Market, Not at the Border

Where the line falls:

At labour-market access, with the issuer deciding only whether the Minister issues a certificate or authenticates yours

Duration of entry conferred by the Act:

None; the Act confers no entry right at all

Stay granted at the border in practice:

Six months

CARICOM and The Bahamas: a Member State With No Free Movement Law At All

Caribbean Community membership:

Yes, by accession in 1983

CSME participation:

No

Skills certificate regime:

Not implemented in Bahamian law

CARICOM Movement into Trinidad and Tobago: Who Issued the Certificate Decides

Certificate issued by another Member State:

Six months

Certificate issued by Trinidad and Tobago:

Indefinite duration

Where the line is drawn:

By which government issued the certificate

No Regional Movement Regime - and One Status That Is Granted to a Country Rather Than a Person

A regional free movement regime:

None

What reaches a whole nationality instead:

Temporary protected status, designated state by state

The three grounds:

Armed conflict, environmental disaster, or extraordinary and temporary conditions

Mercosur Residency in Uruguay

Regional Agreements and Residence in Venezuela

Mercosur:

Full member, suspended in all rights and obligations

Andean Community:

Not a member

Residence route for Mercosur nationals under Venezuelan law:

None found