Investing Your Way into Dominica
Answer
The general rule applies to you
No exception is recorded for citizens of Haiti on this topic. That is the answer, not a gap - everything below is the rule you get, unchanged.
81 exceptions recorded across 33 countries · none match Haiti to Dominica · Residency through investment
Money does not buy residence in Dominica; it buys citizenship, and it does so through a door the Citizenship Act opens for an entirely different purpose. The Citizenship by Investment Regulations say in terms that an investor applies "pursuant to section 8 of the Act" - the ordinary naturalisation section, which requires twelve months' residence immediately before the application and seven years in all - and the application pack includes a waiver of residence requirements form, because section 8(2)(c) lets the Minister waive the residence requirement in special circumstances. There is no investor residence permit between the two. Buying land is a separate statute again: an alien who holds land without a licence forfeits it to the State, though an OECS citizen is not an alien for that purpose and may buy freely.
At a glance
- Investor residence permit
- None
The Immigration and Passport Act has no category for an investor. The investment route in this country produces citizenship, and nothing in between.
- Residence required for citizenship by investment
- None in practice
The Regulations route the application through section 8 of the Citizenship Act, which requires twelve months' residence and seven years in all, and then rely on the Minister's power under section 8(2)(c) to waive the residence requirement. The application pack includes a waiver of residence requirements form.
- Direct monetary investment, main applicant
- US$200,000as of 2024-06-28
Paragraph 1(3)(a)(i) of Schedule 1 to the 2024 Regulations as made by S.R.O. 8 of 2024, which writes the figure in words. It was US$100,000 under S.R.O. 1 of 2024 five months earlier.
- Direct monetary investment, main applicant and up to three dependants
- US$250,000as of 2024-06-28
Paragraph 1(3)(a)(ii). The 2024 Regulations as first made had US$150,000 for an applicant and spouse and US$175,000 for an applicant and up to three dependants; both were replaced by the single family figure.
- Approved Project investment, each main applicant
- US$200,000as of 2024-01-25
Paragraph 2(1) of Schedule 1. This figure did not move in June 2024: it was already US$200,000 under S.R.O. 1 of 2024.
- Government fee on approval of an Approved Project application, main applicant
- US$75,000as of 2024-06-28
Paragraph 2(3)(a). It was US$25,000 under S.R.O. 1 of 2024, so the real estate route's cost rose by fifty thousand dollars without the investment threshold moving at all.
- Due diligence fee, main applicant
- US$7,500as of 2024-06-28
Paragraph 1(3)(b)(i). A dependant is US$4,000, the interview US$1,000 and the processing fee US$1,000.
- Resale restriction on real estate
- 3 years from the grant of citizenshipas of 2024-06-28
Regulation 7(3). A second applicant may not use the same property for five years from the grant - regulation 7(4). Saint Kitts and Nevis uses seven years for the first of these.
- Land an alien may hold without a licence
- 1 acre for residence, 3 acres for trade or business
Sections 4(1) and 5 of the Aliens Land Holding Regulation Act 1995, plus up to two acres on an annual tenancy under section 6(a).
- Fee on acquiring land without a licence
- 10 per cent of market value
Section 4(2), extended to section 5 acquisitions by the 2018 amending Act. For an approved development, section 5A substitutes a flat six thousand dollars.
- Are CARICOM and OECS nationals aliens for landholding?
- OECS citizens are not; other CARICOM nationals are
Section 2(1) defines an alien by reference to the Member States of the 1981 Treaty of Basseterre, which is the OECS. A Barbadian or Jamaican is an alien here; so is a Kittitian in Saint Kitts' own Act, which carves out nobody.
Requirements
- For citizenship: a direct monetary investment of US$200,000, or an investment of US$200,000 in an Approved Project
- For citizenship: an application filed by an Authorised Agent, with due diligence, an interview and the fees in Schedule 1
- For land up to one acre for residence or three acres for trade or business: no licence, but a fee of ten per cent of market value to the Accountant General
- For land beyond those limits, or for an approved development: a licence under the Aliens Land Holding Regulation Act
- For an approved development under section 5: a fee of six thousand dollars to the Accountant General instead of the ten per cent
- For residence as such: an application for a permit under section 9 of the Immigration and Passport Act, on the same discretionary terms as anyone else
In detail
The amendment chain, and where the figures actually live
Dominica's investment regulations are made under section 20 of the Citizenship Act and they have been remade, not amended, almost every year. The chain we read runs: the 2023 Regulations, S.R.O. 14 of 2023, repealed by the 2024 Regulations, S.R.O. 1 of 2024, gazetted 25 January 2024; those repealed in turn by a second set with the same short title, S.R.O. 8 of 2024, gazetted 28 June 2024; and that set amended once, by S.R.O. 46 of 2025, gazetted 27 November 2025. What makes the chain worth tracing rather than summarising is the June 2024 step. S.R.O. 1 of 2024 put the direct monetary investment at US$100,000 for a main applicant, US$150,000 for an applicant and spouse and US$175,000 for an applicant and up to three dependants. S.R.O. 8 of 2024 replaced all three with US$200,000 and US$250,000, doubling the entry price five months later. The Approved Project threshold did not move - it was US$200,000 in both - but the government fee payable on approval of a real estate application went from US$25,000 to US$75,000. Anybody quoting a hundred thousand dollars for Dominica is quoting an instrument that was repealed in June 2024.
Citizenship by investment is naturalisation with the residence waived
This is the structural point, and no other programme in the records here is built this way. Antigua and Barbuda, Grenada and Saint Lucia each have a Citizenship by Investment Act of their own; Saint Kitts and Nevis has a bespoke provision, section 3(5) of its Citizenship Act, entitling a person who has invested substantially to be registered. Dominica has neither. Regulation 4(1) of the 2024 Regulations says a person who is eighteen, has made an investment, has certified that he will not change his name within five years, and meets the other requirements "may apply as a main applicant to become a citizen of Dominica pursuant to section 8 of the Act". Section 8 is the ordinary naturalisation section for aliens: good character, adequate English, twelve months' residence immediately before the application and seven years in all. Section 8(2)(c) lets the Minister "waive the residence requirement in special circumstances", and regulation 4(7)(e) of the Regulations requires the applicant to complete and have witnessed a "waiver of residence requirements form". The programme is therefore an administrative exercise of a 1978 discretion, and what a citizen receives is a certificate of naturalisation.
What a 2025 amendment quietly did
S.R.O. 46 of 2025 is a single operative sentence: it deletes the words "not more than five years after the main applicant obtained citizenship" from paragraph 3(1) of Schedule 1. Paragraph 3(1) governs the registration of a child born to or adopted by a main applicant after citizenship was granted. Before November 2025 that door shut five years after the grant. It no longer does. The instrument says nothing else and does not explain itself.
Land: an OECS carve-out Saint Kitts does not have
The Aliens Land Holding Regulation Act 1995 forfeits to the State any land held by an unlicensed alien. But "alien" is defined as an individual who is not a citizen of one of the Member States - meaning the Member States of the 1981 Treaty of Basseterre, the OECS - with a special rule for Montserrat belongers. A citizen of Antigua and Barbuda, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia or Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is therefore not an alien in Dominica and needs no licence at all. Saint Kitts and Nevis, whose own Act defines an alien by reference to its Immigration Act, carves out nobody: a Dominican buying land there is an alien. Everyone else, in Dominica, may hold one acre for residence or three for trade or business without a licence, on paying the Accountant General ten per cent of the market value; for an approved development, section 5A substitutes a flat six thousand dollars.
Country-level policy
Dominica charges a person who bought citizenship more for ordinary civil documents than it charges anyone else, and it does so by name. In November 2024 the Passport Regulations gained a line for "a person who acquired citizenship by investment" at US$300 for a passport, against EC$150 for an adult citizen in Dominica, and US$2,000 for a replacement against EC$500. The same month the fee schedule to the Vehicles and Road Traffic Act gained a private driver's licence at US$300 for the same class of person, against EC$100 for everybody else. Both are the same idea: an investor citizen holds the same certificate of naturalisation as any other naturalised citizen, and pays a different price at the counter. The instruments define the class rather than leaving it to practice, which is what makes this a policy and not a rumour.
Land in Dominica held by an unlicensed alien is forfeited to the State. The Aliens Land Holding Regulation Act 1995 is a separate statute from everything else in the relocation picture and it is the one most likely to catch a newcomer, because it bites on ownership rather than on status. What makes Dominica's version different from the Kittitian one is who counts as an alien: the definition excludes citizens of the OECS Member States, so an Antiguan, Grenadian, Kittitian, Saint Lucian or Vincentian buys land here on the same footing as a Dominican. Everyone else may hold one acre for residence or three for trade or business without a licence, on paying the Accountant General ten per cent of the market value, and needs a licence beyond that.
What applies to you
Nothing changes for a citizen of Haiti
We have no rule recorded that treats your citizenship differently here, so the general rule above is the one that applies to you. That is an answer, not a gap.
What the law says
«(1) Any person who —
(a) is at least eighteen years of age;
(b) has made an investment;
(c) has certified in writing that if granted citizenship
of Dominica he or she will not, within five years
of the date of issue to him or her of a certificate
of naturalisation otherwise than by marriage,
change or seek to change his or her name; and
(d) meets the other applicable requirements,
may apply as a main applicant to become a citizen of Dominica
pursuant to section 8 of the Act.»The investment route is naturalisation. Section 8 of the Citizenship Act is the alien naturalisation provision, with its twelve-month and seven-year residence conditions; the Regulations add nothing about residence because they do not need to.
Read it at the sourceAbout this source
The government's collection: the Revised Laws of 1990 as chapters, plus Acts and Statutory Rules and Orders year by year.
Standing: Maintains the text in force
Cannot be cited for: It must not be cited for the current text of any Act: the chapters are the 1990 revised edition authorised to the mid-nineties, and later amending Acts sit in the collection without being folded in - the immigration chapter prints its last amendment as 1995 while the database lists six later ones. It must not be cited for completeness either: the visa-exemption Regulations actually in force are absent from it entirely, as are three Acts of one recent year, so an absence here is not proof of non-existence. Every chapter is an image-only scan, so a quotation from one is a recognition. And its catalogue titles are unreliable - one instrument is listed under a name that is not its short title.
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«(c) waive the residence requirement in special circumstances.»The hinge of the whole programme. Without this power the Regulations could not dispense with the seven years, and the application pack's waiver of residence requirements form is the paperwork that exercises it.
«(i) two hundred thousand United States dollars
for the main applicant;»Written in words, as every figure in this Schedule is.
Read it at the sourceAbout this source
The government's collection: the Revised Laws of 1990 as chapters, plus Acts and Statutory Rules and Orders year by year.
Standing: Maintains the text in force
Cannot be cited for: It must not be cited for the current text of any Act: the chapters are the 1990 revised edition authorised to the mid-nineties, and later amending Acts sit in the collection without being folded in - the immigration chapter prints its last amendment as 1995 while the database lists six later ones. It must not be cited for completeness either: the visa-exemption Regulations actually in force are absent from it entirely, as are three Acts of one recent year, so an absence here is not proof of non-existence. Every chapter is an image-only scan, so a quotation from one is a recognition. And its catalogue titles are unreliable - one instrument is listed under a name that is not its short title.
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«(1) The minimum investment required is two hundred
thousand United States dollars for each main applicant.»Identical wording to paragraph 2(1) of S.R.O. 1 of 2024: the Approved Project threshold is the one figure in the Schedule that June 2024 did not touch.
Read it at the sourceAbout this source
The government's collection: the Revised Laws of 1990 as chapters, plus Acts and Statutory Rules and Orders year by year.
Standing: Maintains the text in force
Cannot be cited for: It must not be cited for the current text of any Act: the chapters are the 1990 revised edition authorised to the mid-nineties, and later amending Acts sit in the collection without being folded in - the immigration chapter prints its last amendment as 1995 while the database lists six later ones. It must not be cited for completeness either: the visa-exemption Regulations actually in force are absent from it entirely, as are three Acts of one recent year, so an absence here is not proof of non-existence. Every chapter is an image-only scan, so a quotation from one is a recognition. And its catalogue titles are unreliable - one instrument is listed under a name that is not its short title.
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«(i) one hundred thousand United States dollars
for the main applicant;»The repealed figure, quoted so the size of the step is visible: the direct monetary investment doubled between January and June 2024.
Read it at the sourceAbout this source
The government's collection: the Revised Laws of 1990 as chapters, plus Acts and Statutory Rules and Orders year by year.
Standing: Maintains the text in force
Cannot be cited for: It must not be cited for the current text of any Act: the chapters are the 1990 revised edition authorised to the mid-nineties, and later amending Acts sit in the collection without being folded in - the immigration chapter prints its last amendment as 1995 while the database lists six later ones. It must not be cited for completeness either: the visa-exemption Regulations actually in force are absent from it entirely, as are three Acts of one recent year, so an absence here is not proof of non-existence. Every chapter is an image-only scan, so a quotation from one is a recognition. And its catalogue titles are unreliable - one instrument is listed under a name that is not its short title.
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«17. The Commonwealth of Dominica Citizenship by Investment
Regulations 2024 are repealed.»Two instruments in one year carry the same short title. The marginal note to this regulation identifies the one repealed as S.R.O. 1 of 2024.
Read it at the sourceAbout this source
The government's collection: the Revised Laws of 1990 as chapters, plus Acts and Statutory Rules and Orders year by year.
Standing: Maintains the text in force
Cannot be cited for: It must not be cited for the current text of any Act: the chapters are the 1990 revised edition authorised to the mid-nineties, and later amending Acts sit in the collection without being folded in - the immigration chapter prints its last amendment as 1995 while the database lists six later ones. It must not be cited for completeness either: the visa-exemption Regulations actually in force are absent from it entirely, as are three Acts of one recent year, so an absence here is not proof of non-existence. Every chapter is an image-only scan, so a quotation from one is a recognition. And its catalogue titles are unreliable - one instrument is listed under a name that is not its short title.
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«15. The Commonwealth of Dominica Citizenship by Investment Regulations 2023 are repealed.»The link back: the marginal note names S.R.O. 14 of 2023.
Read it at the sourceAbout this source
The government's collection: the Revised Laws of 1990 as chapters, plus Acts and Statutory Rules and Orders year by year.
Standing: Maintains the text in force
Cannot be cited for: It must not be cited for the current text of any Act: the chapters are the 1990 revised edition authorised to the mid-nineties, and later amending Acts sit in the collection without being folded in - the immigration chapter prints its last amendment as 1995 while the database lists six later ones. It must not be cited for completeness either: the visa-exemption Regulations actually in force are absent from it entirely, as are three Acts of one recent year, so an absence here is not proof of non-existence. Every chapter is an image-only scan, so a quotation from one is a recognition. And its catalogue titles are unreliable - one instrument is listed under a name that is not its short title.
We re-read it every 30 days. More about this source
«(3) Real estate that has been purchased that qualifies an
applicant for citizenship under the Citizenship by Investment
Programme shall not be resold unless a period of at least three
years has elapsed from the grant of citizenship in respect of that
purchase.
(4) Where real estate has already been the subject of a
grant of citizenship that real estate shall not be eligible for use in
a subsequent Citizenship by Investment application unless a
period of at least five years has elapsed from the grant of that
citizenship.»Two different periods doing two different jobs: three years before the buyer may resell, five before the same property can qualify somebody else.
Read it at the sourceAbout this source
The government's collection: the Revised Laws of 1990 as chapters, plus Acts and Statutory Rules and Orders year by year.
Standing: Maintains the text in force
Cannot be cited for: It must not be cited for the current text of any Act: the chapters are the 1990 revised edition authorised to the mid-nineties, and later amending Acts sit in the collection without being folded in - the immigration chapter prints its last amendment as 1995 while the database lists six later ones. It must not be cited for completeness either: the visa-exemption Regulations actually in force are absent from it entirely, as are three Acts of one recent year, so an absence here is not proof of non-existence. Every chapter is an image-only scan, so a quotation from one is a recognition. And its catalogue titles are unreliable - one instrument is listed under a name that is not its short title.
We re-read it every 30 days. More about this source
«3. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act land in Dominica may not be held by an unlicensed alien.
(2) Any land held contrary to subsection (1) shall be forfeited to the State.»Forfeiture, not a fine. The same rule and the same consequence as in Saint Kitts and Nevis.
«(a) an individual who is not a citizen of one of the Member States and in the case of Montserrat an individual who does not have the status of “Belonger” under the law in force in Montserrat regulating immigration;»"The Member States" is defined by reference to Article 2 of the 1981 Treaty of Basseterre, which is the OECS. So an Antiguan, Grenadian, Kittitian, Saint Lucian, Vincentian or Montserratian belonger is not an alien for this Act.
«4. (1) Subject to subsection (2), an alien may acquire and hold not more than one acre of land for residential purposes without obtaining a licence under this Act.»This instrument is published only as an image. The wording above was read off that picture and checked by eye, so it did not pass the machine verbatim check the other quotations passed. Treat it as accurate but re-read the scan before relying on it.
«“(1) On acquiring land under section 5 for an approved
development, section 4(2) does not apply and the alien shall pay a
fee of six thousand dollars to the Accountant General on the
acquisition.”.»Cite the resulting section, not the amending Act. Act 7 of 2018 is deemed to have come into force on 27 November 2015, three years before it was assented to.
Read it at the sourceAbout this source
The government's collection: the Revised Laws of 1990 as chapters, plus Acts and Statutory Rules and Orders year by year.
Standing: Maintains the text in force
Cannot be cited for: It must not be cited for the current text of any Act: the chapters are the 1990 revised edition authorised to the mid-nineties, and later amending Acts sit in the collection without being folded in - the immigration chapter prints its last amendment as 1995 while the database lists six later ones. It must not be cited for completeness either: the visa-exemption Regulations actually in force are absent from it entirely, as are three Acts of one recent year, so an absence here is not proof of non-existence. Every chapter is an image-only scan, so a quotation from one is a recognition. And its catalogue titles are unreliable - one instrument is listed under a name that is not its short title.
We re-read it every 30 days. More about this source
Practical notes
This record rests on the Immigration and Passport Act, Chapter 18:01 as consolidated, including sections 5, 7, 9, 10, 18, 19 and 28 and the Immigration (Restrictions) Regulations printed with it, and on the Government portal's residence-permit, permanent-residence and extension-of-stay pages. None of them names a category of the kind this topic describes. The Act's own list of amendments stops at 1995 and six later amending Acts exist that the consolidation does not carry, so this is an absence in what we read.
Every figure in the investment Regulations is written in words rather than digits - "two hundred thousand United States dollars" - and the figures here are our transcription of those words into numerals. The quotations carry the words.
Nothing in the Regulations requires an applicant to visit Dominica. Regulation 9(3) says an interview "will normally be conducted in Dominica" but allows it elsewhere at the applicant's expense, and regulation 4(10) requires every applicant to attend an interview "virtually or in person".
We did not read S.R.O. 14 of 2023 or any instrument before it. The chain back to 2013 is visible in the Government's law collection - S.R.O. 43 of 2013, S.R.O. 37 of 2014 and amendments in 2016, 2017, 2018, 2020 and 2022 - and is not traced here.
The Aliens Land Holding Regulation Act as published contains two internal cross-reference errors: section 4(2) refers to land acquired "under subsection (1) of section 5" where section 4(1) is meant, and section 4(4) speaks of an Order "made under subsection (2)" where subsection (3) is meant. Act 7 of 2018 fixed the first by adding the words "or section 5" to section 4(2) rather than by correcting it.
- consolidatesCommonwealth of Dominica Citizenship by Investment Regulations, 2024 (S.R.O. 8 of 2024)
Government of the Commonwealth of Dominica - Laws of Dominica
About this source
The government's collection: the Revised Laws of 1990 as chapters, plus Acts and Statutory Rules and Orders year by year.
Standing: Maintains the text in force
Cannot be cited for: It must not be cited for the current text of any Act: the chapters are the 1990 revised edition authorised to the mid-nineties, and later amending Acts sit in the collection without being folded in - the immigration chapter prints its last amendment as 1995 while the database lists six later ones. It must not be cited for completeness either: the visa-exemption Regulations actually in force are absent from it entirely, as are three Acts of one recent year, so an absence here is not proof of non-existence. Every chapter is an image-only scan, so a quotation from one is a recognition. And its catalogue titles are unreliable - one instrument is listed under a name that is not its short title.
We re-read it every 30 days. More about this source
- consolidatesCommonwealth of Dominica Citizenship by Investment Regulations, 2024 (S.R.O. 1 of 2024)
Government of the Commonwealth of Dominica - Laws of Dominica
About this source
The government's collection: the Revised Laws of 1990 as chapters, plus Acts and Statutory Rules and Orders year by year.
Standing: Maintains the text in force
Cannot be cited for: It must not be cited for the current text of any Act: the chapters are the 1990 revised edition authorised to the mid-nineties, and later amending Acts sit in the collection without being folded in - the immigration chapter prints its last amendment as 1995 while the database lists six later ones. It must not be cited for completeness either: the visa-exemption Regulations actually in force are absent from it entirely, as are three Acts of one recent year, so an absence here is not proof of non-existence. Every chapter is an image-only scan, so a quotation from one is a recognition. And its catalogue titles are unreliable - one instrument is listed under a name that is not its short title.
We re-read it every 30 days. More about this source
- consolidatesCommonwealth of Dominica Citizenship by Investment (Amendment) Regulations, 2025 (S.R.O. 46 of 2025)
Government of the Commonwealth of Dominica - Laws of Dominica
About this source
The government's collection: the Revised Laws of 1990 as chapters, plus Acts and Statutory Rules and Orders year by year.
Standing: Maintains the text in force
Cannot be cited for: It must not be cited for the current text of any Act: the chapters are the 1990 revised edition authorised to the mid-nineties, and later amending Acts sit in the collection without being folded in - the immigration chapter prints its last amendment as 1995 while the database lists six later ones. It must not be cited for completeness either: the visa-exemption Regulations actually in force are absent from it entirely, as are three Acts of one recent year, so an absence here is not proof of non-existence. Every chapter is an image-only scan, so a quotation from one is a recognition. And its catalogue titles are unreliable - one instrument is listed under a name that is not its short title.
We re-read it every 30 days. More about this source
- consolidatesCommonwealth of Dominica Citizenship Act, Chapter 1:10, Revised Laws of Dominica
Government of the Commonwealth of Dominica - Laws of Dominica
About this source
The government's collection: the Revised Laws of 1990 as chapters, plus Acts and Statutory Rules and Orders year by year.
Standing: Maintains the text in force
Cannot be cited for: It must not be cited for the current text of any Act: the chapters are the 1990 revised edition authorised to the mid-nineties, and later amending Acts sit in the collection without being folded in - the immigration chapter prints its last amendment as 1995 while the database lists six later ones. It must not be cited for completeness either: the visa-exemption Regulations actually in force are absent from it entirely, as are three Acts of one recent year, so an absence here is not proof of non-existence. Every chapter is an image-only scan, so a quotation from one is a recognition. And its catalogue titles are unreliable - one instrument is listed under a name that is not its short title.
We re-read it every 30 days. More about this source
- consolidatesAliens Land Holding Regulation Act 1995 (Act 17 of 1995)
Government of the Commonwealth of Dominica - Laws of Dominica
About this source
The government's collection: the Revised Laws of 1990 as chapters, plus Acts and Statutory Rules and Orders year by year.
Standing: Maintains the text in force
Cannot be cited for: It must not be cited for the current text of any Act: the chapters are the 1990 revised edition authorised to the mid-nineties, and later amending Acts sit in the collection without being folded in - the immigration chapter prints its last amendment as 1995 while the database lists six later ones. It must not be cited for completeness either: the visa-exemption Regulations actually in force are absent from it entirely, as are three Acts of one recent year, so an absence here is not proof of non-existence. Every chapter is an image-only scan, so a quotation from one is a recognition. And its catalogue titles are unreliable - one instrument is listed under a name that is not its short title.
We re-read it every 30 days. More about this source
- consolidatesAliens Land Holding Regulation (Amendment) Act, 2018 (Act 7 of 2018)
Government of the Commonwealth of Dominica - Laws of Dominica
About this source
The government's collection: the Revised Laws of 1990 as chapters, plus Acts and Statutory Rules and Orders year by year.
Standing: Maintains the text in force
Cannot be cited for: It must not be cited for the current text of any Act: the chapters are the 1990 revised edition authorised to the mid-nineties, and later amending Acts sit in the collection without being folded in - the immigration chapter prints its last amendment as 1995 while the database lists six later ones. It must not be cited for completeness either: the visa-exemption Regulations actually in force are absent from it entirely, as are three Acts of one recent year, so an absence here is not proof of non-existence. Every chapter is an image-only scan, so a quotation from one is a recognition. And its catalogue titles are unreliable - one instrument is listed under a name that is not its short title.
We re-read it every 30 days. More about this source