Where you can become a citizen if your passport is from Estonia

Becoming a Citizen of Antigua and Barbuda

Residence for registration as a Commonwealth citizen:

7 years, plus domicile

Residence for naturalisation:

12 unbroken months, preceded by 5 years in aggregate within 7

Residence for registration on marriage:

Upwards of 3 years of marriage

Argentine Citizenship by Naturalisation

Residence required:

2 years, continuous and legal

What 'continuous' means:

No departures abroad whatsoever

Minimum age:

18

Ten Years, and the Passport You Hold Has to Go First - Unless You Can Show It Will Not

Ordinary residence period:

Ten years lawful and continuous, at least five of them settled

Shortened period:

Six years

Fifteen or thirty years:

An entitlement opens at 15 years with sustained personal and occupational integration, or at 30 years of principal residence

Becoming a Citizen of Barbados

Residence needed for registration as of right:

ten years of ordinary residence, or such longer period as may be prescribed

Marriage period needed:

Such period as may be prescribed. Not stated in the Constitution

Birth in Barbados:

Citizenship at the date of birth, with two narrow provisos

Five Years and a Declaration; Naturalisation Is Now Reserved for Exceptional Merit

The ordinary route:

A declaration under article 12bis of the Code de la nationalité belge, not naturalisation

Residence required:

Five years of principal residence in Belgium on legal residence, or ten on the long route

Language:

Knowledge of one of the three national languages

Becoming a Citizen of Belize

Residence required:

a period of five years immediately preceding the date of the application

When the five years start:

On the grant of permanent residency

Absence that does not break continuity:

Periods not exceeding thirty consecutive days, or three months in any twelve month period

Becoming a Bolivian Citizen

Ordinary residence requirement:

More than 3 continuous years

Spouse, parent of a Bolivian child, or substitute parents:

2 years

Military service in Bolivia:

2 years

Becoming a Brazilian Citizen

Ordinary naturalisation:

Four years of residence

With a Brazilian child, spouse or partner:

One year of residence

Extraordinary naturalisation:

Fifteen uninterrupted years and no criminal conviction

Three Years in Five, and the Minister Shall Grant It

Physical presence:

1,095 days in the five years before the application

Credit for time before permanent residence:

Half a day for each day, up to 365 days

Tax returns:

Three of the five taxation years, where the Income Tax Act required a return

Chilean Nationality by Carta de Nacionalización

Ordinary residence requirement:

More than 5 years

Also required:

Current permanent residency

Counted from:

The electronic stamp of the temporary residency that led to permanent residency

Permanent Residency (R) by Accumulated Time

Mercosur or Andean migrant:

2 years

Parent of a Colombian:

2 years

Spouse of a Colombian:

3 years

Naturalisation: Seven Years, a Language and History Exam, and a Clock That Starts Late

Official residence required:

7 years

Reduced period:

5 years for Central Americans, Spaniards and Ibero-Americans by birth

Spouse of a Costa Rican:

2 years of marriage and 2 years of residence in the country

Eight Years and an Examination for a Stranger; For the Descendant of an Emigrant, No Residence, No Language and No Renunciation

Ordinary residence requirement:

8 years of registered residence, with permanent residence status

Language examination:

Croatian, the Latin script, Croatian culture and the social order

Exemption from the examination:

Over 60

Becoming a Cuban Citizen

Permanent residence required:

5 years or more

Spouse or parent of a Cuban by birth:

2 years or more

Citizenship examination:

Required; not described in any instrument read

Seven Years in Ten Plus a Clean Twelve Months, Greek at B1, and a Three-Year Fast Lane for Companies the Cabinet Names

Residence immediately before applying:

Twelve months, continuous, with absences totalling no more than ninety days

Residence before that:

Seven years within the preceding ten

Highly skilled route:

Four years with Greek at A2, or three years with Greek at B1, instead of seven

Five Years of Permanent Residence, Half of Them Physically Here, a B1 Examination and Three Years of Proven Tax - and Still No Entitlement

Is there a right to citizenship:

No: section 12 of Act No. 186/2013 Sb. says there is no legal entitlement

Permanent residence required:

5 years, or 3 for a Union citizen, or 10 years counting earlier lawful residence

Presence required inside that period:

At least half of it

Naturalisation Is an Act of Parliament, and the Conditions Are in a Political Agreement Rather Than in the Statute

What the Nationality Act says about naturalisation:

One sentence, pointing at the Constitution

Who grants it:

The Folketing, by Act

Where the conditions are:

A circular carrying a party agreement of 20 April 2021

Becoming a Citizen of Dominica

Registration as of right, Commonwealth citizen:

7 years' ordinary residence

Registration at the Minister's discretion, spouse:

3 years

Registration at the Minister's discretion, Commonwealth citizen:

5 years

Dominican Nationality: Two Years for a Resident, and a Contested Birthright

Residence before naturalisation:

2 years as a permanent resident

Shortened by industry or property:

6 months

Shortened by marriage to a Dominican:

6 months

Becoming Ecuadorian

Residence needed:

3 years domiciled in Ecuador on a permanent residence visa

Realistic total from arrival:

About 4 years and 9 months^CALC (calculated by us, not published)

Refugees and stateless people:

2 years in the country

Becoming Salvadoran

Ordinary qualifying period:

5 years of residence

Spaniards and Spanish Americans:

1 year of permanent residence

Spouse of a Salvadoran:

2 years of residence

Eight Years Since October 2024, an Income Test Since December 2025, and a Citizenship Exam From January 2027 That the Consolidated Text Already Prints

Residence requirement:

Eight years

Income condition:

No more than three months of unemployment benefit or social assistance in the last two years

Who the income condition spares:

Under 18s and people aged 65 or over

Five Years, Cut to Two or to None by Who You Are, and a Passport You Do Not Have to Give Up

Ordinary residence period:

Five years of habitual residence in France before the application

Cut to two years:

Two years of successful higher education towards a French degree, important services rendered or capable of being rendered, or an exceptional record of integration

No waiting period at all:

For a person of the French cultural and linguistic entity who is a national of a State one of whose official languages is French, whose mother tongue is French, or who had five years' schooling in French

Five Years, as a Right, and You Keep the Passport You Have

Residence required:

5 years

Is it discretionary:

No - the section says such a foreigner is to be naturalised on application

Giving up your old nationality:

Not required

Seven Years, Three If You Hold a Union Passport, and a Written Examination You Pay for Twice

Residence required:

Seven continuous years before the application

Reduced residence:

Three continuous years

No residence requirement at all:

Ethnic Greeks, and people born in Greece who have lived there continuously

Becoming a Citizen of Grenada

Naturalisation: residence immediately before applying:

12 months

Naturalisation: residence in the preceding seven years:

5 years

Registration as a Commonwealth or Irish citizen: residence:

5 years

Becoming a Guatemalan Citizen

Naturalisation conditions:

Set by statute, not by the Constitution

Residence period for naturalisation:

Not stated in any source we hold

Central American by birth:

Guatemalan of origin on domicile plus a declaration

Becoming Guyanese: Five Ways In, and a Discretion No Court May Review

Residence for naturalisation:

Twelve months immediately before the application, and five years in the preceding seven

Residence for registration (Commonwealth or Irish citizens):

Five years

Residence after marriage to a citizen:

None stated

Haitian Nationality After 2011: the Constitution Stopped Saying How, and Dual Nationality Is No Longer Forbidden

Dual nationality:

No longer prohibited

Five years to naturalisation:

Removed from the Constitution

Nationality of origin:

By descent from a Haitian-born parent who had not renounced

Becoming Honduran

Central American by birth:

1 year of residence

Spaniard or Ibero-American by birth:

2 consecutive years

Any other nationality:

More than 3 consecutive years

Eight Years and an Examination in Hungarian for Everyone Else, Nothing but Language and a Clean Record for a Descendant - and Since the 2025 Amendment a Dual National's Hungarian Citizenship Can Be Suspended for Ten Years

Ordinary residence requirement:

8 continuous years before the application

Spouse of a Hungarian citizen:

3 years of residence, after 3 years of marriage

Descendant or person of Hungarian origin:

No residence requirement at all

Five Years in Nine, in the Minister's Absolute Discretion

Residence required:

One continuous year, plus four years in the preceding eight

Whether meeting it entitles you:

No - the grant is in the Minister's absolute discretion

Absence allowed from the continuous year:

70 days, and 30 more where exceptional circumstances explain them

Ten Years, Four for an EU Citizen, Two if a Grandparent Was Italian

Ordinary residence period:

10 years

Citizen of an EU member state:

4 years

Stateless person:

5 years

Becoming a Jamaican citizen

Residence for registration of a Commonwealth or Irish citizen:

Five years

Residence for naturalisation:

Twelve months immediately before, plus four years in the preceding seven

Discretion:

Registration and naturalisation are both at the Minister's discretion

Five Years From The Permanent Permit, Not From Arrival - And Naturalisation Is The One Route Where You Must Give Up What You Have

Residence required:

5 years, counted from the permanent residence permit

Break allowed inside those five years:

One year in total, and not in the last year

Dual citizenship on naturalisation:

Forbidden, except for the states listed in article 12(2)

Ten Years, Two Examinations, and a Constitution That Makes You Give Up the Passport You Have

Residence for naturalisation:

10 years

Residence where married to a citizen:

7 years, lived together with the spouse

What a year of residence means:

At least six months spent in Lithuania

Five Years, a Luxembourgish Oral Exam and a Twenty-Four-Hour Course - or an Option That Asks for None of Them

Residence for naturalisation:

Five years, the last one uninterrupted

Language of the examination:

Luxembourgish

Level required:

A2 for speaking and B1 for listening, both oral

Five Years Out of Seven, a Language You Probably Already Speak, and an Investor Route the Act No Longer Has a Power to Make Regulations For

Residence immediately before applying:

12 months

Further residence required:

4 years in the aggregate, in the 6 years before that twelve-month period

Language:

Adequate knowledge of Maltese or the English language

Becoming Mexican

General residence requirement:

5 years immediately before the application

Latin America and the Iberian Peninsula:

2 years

Direct-line descendant of a Mexican by birth:

2 years

Five Years, and Whether You Keep Your Old Passport Depends on a 1993 Protocol

Residence required:

Five years immediately before the request

Where those years may be spent:

Anywhere in the Kingdom, including Aruba, Curacao, Sint Maarten and the Caribbean public bodies

If you are married to a Dutch national:

No residence period at all, after three years of marriage and living together

Becoming a Nicaraguan Citizen

Ordinary residence requirement:

4 years as a permanent resident

Renunciation of the previous nationality:

Required, except for Central Americans of origin and natives of Spain

Spouse of a Nicaraguan:

2 years of continuous residence

Becoming Panamanian

General residence requirement:

5 consecutive years

With a Panamanian spouse or Panamanian children:

3 consecutive years

When the clock starts:

The resolution granting permanent residence

Becoming Paraguayan by Naturalisation

Residence required by the constitution:

Three years, minimum

How the court counts it:

Three years of permanent residency from the date of the permanent-admission decision

Realistic minimum from first arrival:

About five years^CALC (calculated by us, not published)

Peruvian Nationality by Naturalisation

Residence required:

2 consecutive years

Examination:

Required

Income test:

10 UIT, stated as S/ 55,000.00 gross a year

Two Routes, and Only One of Them Has Rules: the Voivode Applies a Test, the President Does Not Have To

Ways of acquiring Polish citizenship:

By operation of law, by conferral, by recognition, by restoration

Recognition, ordinary route:

3 years on settled status, with income and a legal title to a dwelling

Recognition, married to a Pole:

2 years on settled status, with 3 years of marriage

Ten Years, or Seven - the 2026 Reform Put the Split Inside One Sentence

Residence required:

10 years

Portuguese-speaking countries and EU citizens:

7 years

Stateless applicants:

4 years

Eight Years to Naturalise, Five if You Marry a Romanian - and None At All if Your Family Lost Its Citizenship Against Its Will

Ordinary naturalisation:

8 years of domicile in Romania

Married to a Romanian citizen:

5 years from the date of the marriage

Halved periods:

For an internationally recognised figure, a Union citizen, a refugee, or an investor above 1,000,000 euro

Becoming a Citizen of Saint Kitts and Nevis

Residence for naturalisation:

14 years, plus 12 unbroken months

Residence for registration as a Commonwealth citizen:

14 years

Residence for citizenship by investment:

None

Becoming a citizen of Saint Lucia

Descent:

Two generations

Naturalisation residence:

7 years in aggregate plus 12 continuous months

Dual citizenship on naturalisation:

Not permitted

Becoming a Citizen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Citizenship by investment:

No programme and no Act

Citizenship by investment as a portfolio:

Assigned to the Prime Minister on 2 December 2025

Residence for registration:

7 years, for a Commonwealth citizen

Eight Years of Permanent Residence, a Press Article Read Aloud to a Three-Member Panel, and a Thousand Euros Payable Only If You Win

Qualifying residence:

8 years of continuous permanent residence

Marriage route:

5 years of the marriage, lived in a common household here

Ten years of residence:

Enough, if you already hold permanent residence

Ten Years in the Country, Five of Them Unbroken, Your Old Passport Surrendered - and a Decision the Authority Takes at Its Own Discretion

Residence for ordinary naturalisation:

Ten years, the last five unbroken

Dual citizenship:

Not allowed on the ordinary route

Language:

Slovene at basic level, by certificate

Spanish Nationality by Residence

Residence required:

10 years

Recognised refugees:

5 years

What the residence must be:

Legal, continuous and immediately prior to the application

Naturalisation Is an Act of Parliament, Taken Fifty Applicants at a Time

Residence for naturalisation:

Five years of domicile or main residence

How naturalisation is granted:

By an Act of the National Assembly

Applicants per Act:

Fifty, on a collective schedule

Becoming a Citizen of The Bahamas: Seven Years, a Renunciation, and a Rule About Sex

Residence immediately before applying:

Twelve months, continuous

Residence before that:

Six years in the aggregate within the preceding nine years

Dual citizenship on naturalisation:

Not permitted; renunciation comes first

Becoming a Citizen of Trinidad and Tobago

Birth in the country:

Citizenship at the date of birth

Registration for a Commonwealth citizen:

5 years

Shortest period the Minister may accept:

12 months

Five Years to Settle, One More to Apply, and the Secretary of State May Still Say No

Residence period, ordinary applicant:

5 years ending with the date of the application

Absence limit over the qualifying period, ordinary applicant:

No more than 450 days absent in the 5 years

Absence limit in the final year:

No more than 90 days absent in the 12 months ending with the application

Five Years, Half of Them Physically Present, and Three Months in the State

Residence required:

Five years after permanent residence

Physical presence:

At least half of those five years

Residence in the State:

Three months before filing

Uruguayan Legal Citizenship

Residence, with family in Uruguay:

3 years habitual residence

Residence, without family here:

5 years habitual residence

Additional condition:

Capital, property, or a science, art or industry

Becoming a Venezuelan Citizen

Residence required:

Ten years, uninterrupted

Reduced residence:

Five years

By marriage:

Five years from the date of the marriage